Which of the following questions is best investigated by means of a survey? a. Are people more likely to vote Republican or Democrat in the next election? b. Are violent criminals genetically different from nonviolent criminals? c. Does extra sleep improve memory? d. What is the best study technique for AP exams? e. What role does exercise play in weight loss?

Which of the following questions is jest investigated by means of a survey?

a. Are people more likely to vote Republican or Democrat in the next election?

b. Are violent criminals genetically different from nonviolent criminals?

c. Does extra sleep improve memory?

d. What is the best study technique for AP exams?

e. What role does exercise play in weight loss?

Researchers are interested in finding out if voters are more likely to vote for congressional candidates who have more pleasant facial expressions. Starting at a random point, the researchers contact every hundredth person on the voter list to ask about candidate facial expressions. Which method are the researchers using in choosing the people they will call? a. Random sample. b. Periodic sample. c. Biased sample. d. Survey. e. Operational definition.

Why is an operational definition necessary when reporting research findings? a. An operational definition allows others to replicate the study. b. An operational definition provides more context and includes many examples of the concept described. c. An operational definition is easier to translate into multiple languages than a dictionary definition. d. An operational definition uses more scientific language than a dictionary definition. e. An operational definition is not necessary since a dictionary definition will work as well for replication.

Dr. Cheema is interested in studying the prevalence of cheating on exams at her local high school. Describe one disadvantage of using each of the following research methods to study this topic: • Case study • Naturalistic observation • Survey

An individual with an exceptional memory is identified. For any given date, she is capable of recalling major events, the weather, and what she did that day. What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation of this individual using questionnaires, brain scans, and memory tests?

a. Naturalistic observation

b. Survey

c. Interview

d. Case study

e. Theory method

The purpose of random assignment is to: a. allow participants in both the experimental and control groups to be exposed to the independent variable. b. ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the research. c. eliminate the placebo effect. d. reduce potential confounding variables. e. generate operational definitions for the independent and dependent variables.

Which of the following is an example of hindsight bias?

a. Armend is certain that electric cars will represent 80 percent of vehicles in 20 years and only reads research studies that support his hypothesis.

b. Liza underestimates how much time it will take her to finish writing her college application essays and as a result fails to meet an important deadline.

c. Experts predicting world events with 80 percent confidence turned out to be correct less than 40 percent of the time.

d. Alliyah, after reading a definition on one of her flashcards, turns the card over to see the term and then tells herself she knew what the answer was all along.

e. Dr. Grace overestimates how effectively her new treatment method works because she fails to seek out any evidence refuting her theory.

Which of the following is a potential problem with case studies? a. They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts. b. They are generally too expensive to be economical. c. They may be misleading because they don’t fairly represent other cases. d. They are technically difficult and most researchers don’t have the skills to do them properly. e. The dependent variable is difficult to operationally define in a case study.

A researcher looking for gender differences in 3-year-olds observes a preschool class and records how many minutes children of each gender play with dolls. She then compares the two sets of numbers. What type of descriptive research is she conducting? a. Case study b. Experiment c. Random sample method d. Naturalistic observation e. Survey.

Which of the following is an example of negative correlation? a. People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh less. b. Teenage females tend to have fewer speeding tickets than teenage males. c. Students with lower IQ scores tend to have lower grades. d. As hours studying for a test decrease, so do grades on that test. e. Students' shoe sizes are not related to their grades.

Which of the following is an example of hindsight bias? a. Armend is certain that electric cars will represent so percent of vehicles in 20 years and only reads research studies that support his hypothesis. b. Liza underestimates how much time it will take her to finish writing her college application essays and as a result fails to meet an important deadline. c. Experts predicting world events with 80 percent confidence turned out to be correct less than 40 percent of the time. d. Allyan, after rending a definition on one of her flashcards, turns the card over to see the term and then tells herself she knew what the answer was all along. e. Dr. Grace overestimates how effectively her new treatment method works because she fails to seek out any evidence refuting her theory.

The tendency to exaggerate the correctness or accuracy of our beliefs and predictions is called: a. hindsight bias. b. overconfidence. c. critical thinking. d. skepticism. e. reliability.

In an experiment to test the effects of room temperature on test performance the independent variable is a. the scores on the test be fore the experiment begins. b. the scores on the test at the end of the experiment. c. whether the teacher was male or female. d. the temperature of the room. e. the style of test (multiple choice versus essay).