Why do you think Battuta recorded this description of Mogadishu in his travels?

In what ways did outside influences affect Nubian development?

What is an important difference between medieval Muslim and Christian art?

How was the reign of Mansa Musa in mal similar to that of Ashoka Muhammad In Songhai?

How might a greater interest in the military have helped preserve the Abbasids' empire?

How might the Umayyads have retained control of the Muslim empire?

Look at the picture of a Muslim building. How did the architecture of early mosques reflect the history of the Islam culture? F The fine writing in the extenor is a symbol of religious diversity. G Simple buildings became social centers for Muslim worship. H All mosques faced Mecca as Muslims must face it during prayer. J Ornate mosque styles differed from plain Byzantine churches.

Islam has Five Pillars, or primary obligations: profession of faith. prayer, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca. How does this excerpt from the Quran support the Five Pillars?

Apply Concepts Why was the hijra a turning point for Islam?

The Catalan Atlas, Document C, features Mansa Musa so prominently to A. provide a reference point for the kingdom of Mali. B. show that Mansa Musa is the regions' monarch. C. enhance the decorative elements of the map D. emphasizes the wealth, power, and importance of Mansa Musa.

According to Document $A$, Mansa Musa became king after his predecessor A. was killed in battle B. lost favor with religious leaders C. left on a sea voyage D. was assassinated by an ally of Mansa Musa.

Writing Activity As you read the following passage about the Abbasid caliphate, consider the following question: How did the Arabs use the Silk Road to spread their empire? Use what you have learned in the Topic about Muslim rule and expansion. "Under the Abbasids, the center of the Mosiem world was the city of Baghdad (Gift of God). founded by Caliph al-Mansur in 762 on the west bank of the Tigris. .. The site was not chosen by inadvertence, for the Moslems had taken over the existing long-distance networks that had operated in the East for centuries. . If the pilgrimage caravans made only one round trip a year in the prescribed season, it was the traders who, as always, kept the Silk Road active all year round. By the ninth century, some Arab traders had pushed overland to China."

• Irene M. Franck and David M. Brownstone. The Silk Road.

The following primary source is a description by a Carmelite missionary who visited The Persia court in 1604. He records his observations of Shah Abbas the Great. How does Abbas differentiate his leadership style from that of Christian rulers? "He is sagacious in mind, likes the fame, and to be esteemed: he is courteous in dealing with everyone and at the same time very serious. For he will go through the public streets, eat from what they are selling there and. . speak at ease freely with the lower classes. . or will sit down beside this man or that, He says that is how to be a king. and that the king of Spain and other Christians do not get any pleasure out of ruling. because they are obliged to comport themselves with so much pomp and majesty as they do." -A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia

How did the expansion of the Muslim Empire affect the practice of slavery?