Chapter 1: The Study of MineralsSection 1.1:
Minerals: Building Blocks of Rock
Section 1.2:
Luster
Section 1.3:
Color and Streak
Section 1.4:
Crystal Shape, or Habit
Section 1.5:
Hardness
Section 1.6:
Cleavage and Fracture
Section 1.7:
Specific Gravity
Section 1.8:
Other Properties of Minerals
Section 1.9:
Identification of Minerals
Section 1.10:
Mineral Group
Chapter 2: Rocks and the Rock CycleSection 2.1:
Rock Groups and the Rock Cycle
Section 2.2:
Igneous Rock Textures
Section 2.3:
Composition of Igneous Rocks
Section 2.4:
Identifying Igneous Rocks
Section 2.5:
Classifying Sedimentary Rocks
Section 2.6:
Identifying Sedimentary Rocks
Section 2.7:
Sedimentary Environments
Section 2.8:
Identifying Metamorphic Rocks
Chapter 3: Plate TectonicsSection 3.1:
From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics
Section 3.2:
Plate Boundaries
Section 3.3:
Evidence: The Continental Jigsaw Puzzle
Section 3.4:
Evidence: Paleoclimates
Section 3.5:
Evidence: Deep-Focus Earthquakes
Section 3.6:
Evidence: Paleomagnetism
Section 3.7:
Paleomagnetism and Seafloor Spreading
Section 3.8:
Hot Spots and Plate Velocities
Chapter 4: Earthquakes and Earth's InteriorSection 4.1:
Earthquakes
Section 4.2:
Locating an Earthquake
Section 4.3:
Global Distribution of Earthquakes
Section 4.4:
The Earth Beyond Our View
Section 4.5:
Earth's Internal Temperature
Section 4.6:
Melting Temperatures of Rocks
Chapter 5: Volcanism and Volcanic HazardsSection 5.1:
The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions
Section 5.2:
Shield Volcanoes
Section 5.3:
Cinder Cones
Section 5.4:
Composite Volcanoes
Section 5.5:
Volcanic Hazards
Chapter 6: Geologic Maps, Block Diagrams, and Rock StructuresSection 6.1:
Deformation
Section 6.2:
Describing the Orientation of Geologic Structures: Strike and Dip
Section 6.3:
Geologic Maps and Block Diagrams
Section 6.4:
Folds: Rock Structures Formed by Ductile Deformation
Section 6.5:
Faults: Rock Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation
Section 6.6:
Examining Geologic Maps
Chapter 7: Aerial Photographs, Satellite Images, and Topographic MapsSection 7.1:
Aerial Photographs
Section 7.2:
Satellite Images
Section 7.3:
Topographic Maps
Section 7.4:
Map Scales
Section 7.5:
Public Land Survey System
Section 7.6:
Reading Contour Lines
Section 7.7:
Constructing a Topographic Map
Section 7.8:
Drawing a Topographic Profile
Section 7.9:
Analysis of a Topographic Map
Chapter 8: Shaping Earth's Surface: Running Water and GroundwaterSection 8.1:
Examining the Hydrologic Cycle
Section 8.2:
Infiltration and Runoff
Section 8.3:
Infiltration and Runoff in Urban Areas
Section 8.4:
Running Water
Section 8.5:
Groundwater
Section 8.6:
Groundwater Movement
Section 8.7:
Ground Subsidence
Section 8.8:
Karst Topography
Chapter 9: Shaping Earth's Surface: Arid and Glacial LandscapesSection 9.1:
Deserts
Section 9.2:
Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape
Section 9.3:
Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Section 9.4:
Depositional Features of Glaciers
Section 9.5:
Depositional Features Associated with Ice Sheets
Section 9.6:
Erosional Features Associated with Valley Glaciers
Section 10.1:
Numerical and Relative Dates
Section 10.2:
Relative Dating Principles: Original Horizontality and Superposition
Section 10.3:
Relative Dating Principles: Cross-Cutting and Inclusions
Section 10.4:
Relative Dating Principles: Unconformities
Section 10.5:
Applying Relative Dating Principles
Section 10.6:
Types of Fossils
Section 10.7:
Fossils as Time Indicators
Section 10.8:
Numerical Dating with Radioactivity
Section 10.9:
Applying Multiple Dating Techniques
Section 10.10:
The Magnitude of Geologic Time
Chapter 11: Introduction to OceanographySection 11.1:
Extent of the Oceans
Section 11.2:
Measuring Ocean Depths
Section 11.3:
Ocean Basin Topography
Section 11.4:
Salinity and Density Currents
Section 11.5:
Water Temperatures Influence Density
Page 186:
Activity 11.1A
Page 187:
Activity 11.1B
Chapter 12: Waves, Currents, and TidesSection 12.1:
Wave Characteristics
Section 12.2:
Deep-Versus Shallow-Water Waves
Section 12.3:
Wave Refraction
Section 12.4:
Longshore Transport
Section 12.5:
Shoreline Features
Section 12.6:
Surface-Ocean Currents
Section 12.7:
Deep-Ocean Circulation
Section 12.8:
Tides
Chapter 13: Earth-Sun RelationshipsSection 13.1:
Solar Radiation and the Seasons
Section 13.2:
Variations in Solar Energy Throughout the Year
Section 13.3:
Using an Analemma
Section 13.4:
Calculating the Noon Sun Angle
Section 13.5:
Using the Noon Sun Angle to Determine Latitude
Section 13.6:
Solar Radiation at the Outer Edge of the Atmosphere
Chapter 14: Heating the AtmosphereSection 14.1:
Radiation and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Section 14.2:
What Happens to Incoming Solar Radiation?
Section 14.3:
Heating Earth's Atmosphere: The Greenhouse Effect
Section 14.4:
Factors Influencing the Heating of Earth's Surface
Section 14.5:
Air Temperature Data
Section 14.6:
Global Temperature Patterns
Section 14.7:
Windchill
Chapter 15: Atmospheric Moisture, Pressure, and WindSection 15.1:
Changes of State
Section 15.2:
Humidity: Water Vapor in the Air
Section 15.3:
Relative Humidity
Section 15.4:
Dew-Point Temperature
Section 15.5:
Using a Psychrometer
Section 15.6:
Condensation and Dew-Point Temperature
Section 15.7:
Daily Temperature Changes and Humidity
Section 15.8:
Adiabatic Processes and Cloud Formation
Section 15.10:
The Driving Force of Wind: The Pressure Gradient Force
Section 15.9:
Atmospheric Pressure
Section 15.11:
Factor Affecting Wind Direction: The Coriolis Effect
Section 15.12:
Global Patterns of Precipitation
Page 248:
Activity 15.1A
Page 249:
Activity 15.1B
Chapter 16: Air Masses, Midlatitude Cyclones, and Weather MapsSection 16.1:
Air Masses
Section 16.2:
Fronts
Section 16.3:
Midlatitude Cyclones
Section 16.4:
Weather Station Analysis and Forecasting
Section 16.5:
Preparing a Weather Map and Forecast
Chapter 17: Global ClimatesSection 17.1:
Controls of Climate
Section 17.2:
Using a Climograph
Section 17.3:
The Nature of ClassificationSection 17.4:
Koppen System of Climate Classification
Section 17.5:
Humid Tropical (A) Climates
Section 17.6:
Dry (B) Climates
Section 17.7:
Humid Middle-Latitude (C) Climates (Mild Winters)
Section 17.8:
Humid Middle-Latitude (D) Climates (Severe Winters)
Section 17.10:
Highland Climates
Section 17.9:
Polar (E) Climates
Section 17.11:
Climates of North America
Page 291:
Activity 17.1A
Page 291:
Activity 17.1B
Chapter 18: Astronomical ObservationsSection 18.1:
Measuring the Position of the Sun
Section 18.2:
Measuring the Position of the Moon
Section 18.3:
Observing the Stars
Page 313:
Activity 18.1A
Page 315:
Activity 18.1B
Chapter 19: Patterns in the Solar SystemSection 19.1:
The Nebular Theory
Section 19.2:
Comparing the Sizes of the Planets
Section 19.3:
Spacing of the Planets
Section 19.4:
Inclinations of Planetary Orbits
Section 19.5:
Mass and Density of Planets
Section 19.6:
Rotation and Orbital Period
Section 19.7:
Temperatures on Terrestrial Planets
Chapter 20: Locating the PlanetsSection 20.1:
A Model of the Inner Solar System
Section 20.2:
Comparing Orbital Periods of the Planets
Section 20.3:
Retrograde Motion
Section 20.4:
Viewing a Planet from Earth
Page 338:
Activity 20.1A
Page 338:
Activity 20.1B
Chapter 21: Examining the Terrestrial PlanetsSection 21.1:
Geologic Processes
Section 21.2:
Landforms on the Moon
Section 21.3:
Landforms on Mercury
Section 21.4:
Landforms on Venus
Section 21.5:
Landforms on Mars
Section 21.6:
Determining the Relative Ages of Landforms
Section 21.7:
Impact Cratering Experiment
Page 346:
Activity 21.1A
Page 347:
Activity 21.1C
Page 347:
Activity 21.1B
Page 348:
Activity 21.1D
Chapter 22: Motions of the Earth-Moon SystemSection 22.1:
Phases of the Moon
Section 22.2:
Synodic and Sidereal Months
Section 22.3:
Eclipses
Page 363:
Activity 22.1A
Page 363:
Activity 22.1B
Chapter 23: Location and Distance on EarthSection 23.1:
Earth's Grid System
Section 23.2:
Determining Latitude
Section 23.3:
Determining Longitude
Section 23.4:
Using Earth's Grid System
Section 23.5:
Great Circles and Small Circles
Section 23.6:
Determining Distance Along a Great Circle
Section 23.7:
Determining Distance Along a Parallel
Section 23.8:
Longitude and Solar Time
Section 23.9:
Latitude and the North Star
Chapter 24: The Metric System, Measurements, and Scientific InquirySection 24.1:
The Metric System
Section 24.2:
Metric Conversions
Section 24.3:
Metric-English Conversions
Section 24.4:
Temperature Scales
Section 24.5:
Other Units of Measurement
Section 24.6:
Density and Specific Gravity
Section 24.7:
Methods of Scientific Inquiry
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