Ecology masterlist

An urn shaped age pyramid is characteristic of populations that are:
A. growing
B. With many young
C. In decline
D. Healthy
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 81
Terms in this set (81)
An urn shaped age pyramid is characteristic of populations that are:
A. growing
B. With many young
C. In decline
D. Healthy
In decline : )
An ecosytem must have continuous external source of
A. minerals
B. nutrients
C. energy
D. food
E. all of the above
energy
Equilibrium life history strategy characteristics? (late/early maturation, low/high fecundity, high/ low juvenile survival)
Late maturation, low fecundity, high juvenile survival
A clownfish attracts prey to an anemone while the anemone provides a safe habitat for the clownfish. Descreibe the type of ecological interaction:
A. Competition
B. Mutualism
C. Commensalism
D. Consumerism
Mutualism
Nesting birds in a colony then to have a:
A. Uniform dispersion
B. Random dispersion
C. Clumped dispersion
D. Long distance dispersion
Uniform dispersion
When does the growth rate of a natural population equal zero?
A. When N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat
B. N/K is exactly one
C. When N/K equals zero
D. When mortality is greater than natality
When N/K is exactly one
As the last ice age ended, glaciers retreated northward and trees colonized the new environment. During this time, the Scotch pine colonized the Norfolk region of Great Britain. The Scotch pine population grew exponentially for 500 years. As this initial growth rate slowed, what increased.
A. Predation
B. Carrying capacity
C. Logistic growth
D. Intraspecific competition
Intraspecific competion
The ongoing climate change is mainly the results of (multiple answers)
A. Depletion of the ozone layer and increased UV radiation
B. Pollution such as CFC...
C. Burning of fossile fuels
D. Greenhouse effect of CO2
E. Milankovitch cycles
C. Burning of fossile fuels
D. Greenhouse effect of CO2
In 1976, the dominant finch on Daphne Major in the Galapagos Islands was the medium ground finch, with a population of 1200. In 1977, a drought struck the island negatively affecting most of the vegetation. As a result, the population of medium ground finch dropped to 180 due to starvation. In 1983, however, a large amount of rainfall fell on the island creating optimal conditions for vegetation. The medium ground finch population increased to 1100.
After the rainfall of 1983, what type of population growth did the medium ground finch experience?
A. Logistic
B. Quantitative
C. Abiotic
D. Exponential
D. Exponential
In the formula (dN/dt = rN), what does N stand for?
A. The carrying capacity of the environment
B. The change in time
C. The number of individuals in the population
D. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of the population
E. The age distribution of the population
C. The number of individuals in the population
Which factors tend to return a population to a mean or equilibrium level? A. Density independant factors B. Density dependant factors C. K factors D. Inversely density dependant factorsB. Density dependent factors (such as diseases)In 1961 Joseph Connell documented that Balanus (blue barnacles in the figure you can't see but can remember) normally occupies the intertidal zone, while Chthamalus (brown) normally occupies the coast above high tide. When Connell experimentally removed Balanus, Chthamalus colonized the intertidal zone. Which statement is true? A. After a removal of Balanus, realized niche of Chtamalus has increased. B. After a removal of Balanus, fundamental niche of Chthamalus has increased C. Balanus underwent competitive release D. After a removal of Balanus, realised niche of Chthamalus became larger than its fundamental nicheA. After a removal of Balanus, realized niche of Chtamalus has increased.Two abiotic factors that affect an ecosystem are A. Temperature & animals B. Soil & water C. Plants & animals D. Water & bacteriaB. Soil & waterThe types and numbers of species in a given area is most greatly determined by the area's A. Biotic factors B. Precipitation C. Climate D. BiodiversityC. ClimateSince the middle age the most recorded extinctions have occured among: A. flowering plants B. fish C. amphibians D. birds E. mammalsA. flowering plants (bc of habitat destruction)The major reservoir for phosphorus is: A. aquifers B. soil and rocks C. the atmosphere D. the sun E. cloudsB. soil and rocksWhere does intraspecific competition occur? A. Between members of two or more different species B. Between members of the same food web C. Between members of the same species D. Between any members of the same communityC. Between members of the same speciesAn island is approximately circular with a radius of 10km. There is no emmigration of immigration. In a mark recapture study of a snake population, 30 individuals were captured, marked an released. In a second capture, 50 snakes were captured , 5 of these had marks. What is the snake population density on the area? A. 300 B. 3/km2 C. 1/km2 D. 300/km2C. 1/ km2 Area : ~300 km2 and N= (M***C)/R = (30*50)/5=300 -> 300/300km2 = 1/km2No restoration is purely pristine because A. No one knows what species to restore it with B. No sites are available C. The public will not support it D. Politicians will not support itA. No one knows what species to restore it withThe term "detritivore" includes A. Decomposers B. Primary consumers C. Secondary consumers D. AutotrophsA. DecomposersWhen does the growth rate of a natrual population equal zero? A. When N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat B. When N/K is exactly one C. When N/K equals zero D. WHEN mortality is greater than natalityB. When N/K is exactly oneFleas are probably the most common external parasite of dogs and cats worldwide. Which type are they? A. Endoparasites B. Endosymbionts C. Ectoparasites D. MesoparasitesC. Ectoparasites (Ecto = outside, endo = inside)A pyramis shaped age pyramid is characteristic of a population that is A. Growing B. With many young C. In decline D. StableA & B : Growing, with many youngGoats depend on autotrophs for the production of A. O2 B. Glucose C. Both of the above D. None of the above E. Goats are autotrophsC. Both of the above (O2 & glucose)An adaptative radiation is A. A healthy level of radiation B. A hypothesized cause of a mass extinction C. Evidence of an asteroid impact D. A burst of speciationD. A burst of speciationWhat are the two most important climatic facots affecting the distribution of world terrestrial biomes: A. Wind and clouds B. Temperature and water availability C. Temperature and wind D Wind and rainB. Temperature and water availabilityZooplankton are tiny organisms that float in the surface waters and feed on the abundant phytoplankton. Krill, small crustaceans, also feed on phyloplankton. What is the relationship between zooplankton and krill? A. Commensalism B. Mutualism C. Competition D. Symbiosis E. ParasitismC. CompetitionOf the following statements concerning characteristics of predator prey relationships all are correct EXCEPT: A. A rise in the population of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators B. A rise in the population of predators is often followed by a decrease in the population of prey C. Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey D. The production of large numbers of offspring within very short periods of time ensures the survival of some prey populations E. The population of predators most often eliminates the population of prey.E. The population of predators most often eliminates the population of prey.An unnusually cold winter causes the squirrel population to decrease. This is an example of temperature as a A. Carrying capacity B. Limiting factor C. Climax community D. Pattern in spaceB. Limiting factorEven though humans are animals, it is unlikey that humans will exhibity symptoms of overcrowding seen in other species (T/F)FalseWhich of the following is a secondary consumer? A. Carnivore B. Herbivore C. Plant D. All of the above E. None of the aboveA. CarnivorePollination is an example of: A. An ecosystem service B. Chemical diversity C. A possible source of new drugs D. Crop pest controlA. An ecosystem serviceSemelparity is part of humans life history strategy (T/F)False (=reproduce ance and then die)biodiversity A. Increases toward the equator B. Decreases toward the equator C. Remains the same throughout the planetA. Increases toward the equatorThe most common source of energgy in an ecosystem is A. ATP B. DNA C. RNA D. Sunlight E. ElectricityD. SunlightNet primary productivity is the gross primary productivity less A. that which is consumed by herbivores B. That which is consumed by the producer in metabolism C. Secondary productivity D. Loss due to mortality E. None of the othersB. That which is consumed by the producer in metabolismWhich of the following contributes to global warming: A. CH4 B. CFC C. CO2 D. H2O (vapor) E. N2CH4, CO2 & H2O (ACD)Which of the following chemicals enters living organisms primarily from the atmosphere rather than from rocks or soil A. Calcium B. Sulfur C. Phosphorus D. Sodium E. CarbonE. CarbonThe biome that dominates much of the subartic latitude in North America and Eurasia is the: A. Desert B. Tundra C. Temperate forest D. TaigaD. TaigaTwo abiotic factors that affect an ecosystem are A. trees and rock B. sunlight and rain C. water and bacteria D. animals and plantsB. sunlight and rainWhat are the basic assumption of the petersen method A. individuals are not affected by abiotic factors B. the distribution is clumped C. individualsare sessiles D. there is no death, birth, immigration nor emmigration during the time of the surveyD. there is no death, birth, immigration nor emmigration during the time of the surveyA lake is approximately circular with radius of 10km and a depth of 1km . There is no emmigration of immigration. In a mark recapture study of fish population, 30 individuals were captured, marked and released. In a second capture, 50 fish were captured, 5 of these had marks. What is the fish population density in the lake? A. 300 B. 3/km2 C. 1/km3 D. 300/km3 E. 42C. 1/km3Which of the following is an example of ecosystem services? A. Purification of water by wetlands B. Pollination of crops by bees C. Regulation of atmospheric composition by plankton and algae D. Protection of coastline by mangroveYes to all A. Purification of water by wetlands B. Pollination of crops by bees C. Regulation of atmospheric composition by plankton and algae D. Protection of coastline by mangroveNesting birds in a colony have a A. uniform dispersion B. random dispersion C. clumped dispersion D. long distance dispersionA. uniform dispersionCategorize the interaction : orchids are epiphytes that grow on the bark of other plants. They do not harm the plant but obtain their nutrients and water from the surrounding air and debris A. commensalism B. mutualism C. competition D. symbiosis E. parasitismA. commensalismMarine fish tend to have which type of survivorship curve? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IVType IIIIn 1976, the dominant finch on Daphne Major in the Galapagos Islands was the medium ground finch, with a population of 1200. In 1977, a drought struck the island negatively affecting most of the vegetation. As a result, the population of medium ground finch dropped to 180 due to starvation. In 1983, however, a large amount of rainfall fell on the island creating optimal conditions for vegetation. The medium ground finch population increased to 1100. After the rainfall of 1983, what type of population growth did the medium ground finch experience? A. Density dependent B. Logistic C. Density independent D. BioticC. Density independent (drought and rainfall don't care abt the density of population)The number of species in a community is reffered to as the A. keystone species B. ecosystem productivity C. species diversity D. species richness E. spatial heterogeneityD. species richnessOpportunistic life history strategy characteristics ? (late/early maturation, low/high fecundity, high/ low juvenile survival)early maturation, low fecundity, low juvenile survivalWhen does competitive exclusion occur? A. When predators displace prey from their habitat B. When different species compete for the same ressources C. When the same species competes for different ressources D. When prey displaces predators due to a competive advantageB. When different species compete for the same ressourcesAccording to the competitive exclusion principle, potential competitors can only coexist through A. Niche differentiation B. Contest competition C. Interference competition D. Scramble competition E. They can never coexistA. Niche differentiationIn a stpudy of two flour beetle species, Tcas & Tcon, it was found that the beetles prey on the eggs on both their own species and other species. When studied in the same environment, Tcas was found to be a stronger competitor for ressources and was able to exclude Tcon 84% of the time. Adelina is an intracellular parasite that can infect both species of beetle. When Adelina was present in a community and had infected both species of beetle, thec ometitive interactions were reversed. In an infected community, Tcon was able to outcompete Tcas. This exemple illustrates that when a variety of interactions happen in the same community, surprising results sometimes occur. What interaction is not present in the situation described above? A. Predation B. Commensalism C. Competition D. ParasitismB. CommensalismExotic species are especially threatening to what kind of ecosystem ? A. desert B. island C. tundra D. tropical forestB. islandWhich of the following communities is the most productive? A. temperate forests B. tropical forests C. savannas D. wetlands E. boreal forestB. tropical forestsWhich of the following contains a lot of carbon? A. fossil fuels B. the oceans C. peat D. all of the above contain a lot of carbon E. none of the aboveD. all of the above contain a lot of carbonA metapopulation is a A. community of species living together B. population of population C. nursery D. demographic analysesB. population of populationWhich two extinction risks may be a direct result of the pet trade? A. climate change and exotic species introduction B. habitat loss and overharvesting C. overharvesting and exotic species introduction D. habitat loss and climate changeC. overharvesting and exotic species introductionwhich of the following is NOT a result from predator prey interactions? A. cleaner wrasse, a coral reef fish, eat parasites off of larger fish B. planthopper, an insect, has the same shape and coloring of green leaves C. lynx have large padded paws that enable them to walk quietly on snow D. Scorpion venom is fast acting and can paralyze or even kill other animalsA. cleaner wrasse, a coral reef fish, eat parasites off of larger fishPlants capture approximately ____ of the sun's energy while other trophic levels capture about ___ of the energy available to them in their food A. 1% 10% B. 10% 60% C. 10% 1% D. 60% 10%A. 1% 10%Which factors are density dependant A. Diseases B. Predation C. Toxic waste D. CannibalismYes A. Diseases B. Predation C. Toxic waste D. CannibalismWhat is the number of currently described species on the planet? (millions = 10^6) A.17 000 B. 150 000 C. 1,5 millions D. 10 millions E. 100 millionsD. 10 millionsEnergy flow in ecosystems is A. unidirectional B. bidirectional C. multidirectional D. none of the above E. all of the aboveA. unidirectionalThe total amount of energy that is converted to organic compounds in a given area per unit of time is called the A. biomass B. Transpiration C. Net primary production D. Gross primary productivity E. consumer rateD. Gross primary productivityWhat is not an assumption of the logistic growth model? A. population growth is proportional to the remaining resources B. immigraction and emigration occur C. resources are renewed continuously D. instantaneous responses to crowdingB. immigraction and emigration occur (we're in a closed population)When does competitive release occur? A. When one or two species competing for the same ressource disappears B. When all competing species disappear C. When prey is released from predators due to a competitive advantage D. When two or more species compete for the same ressourceA. When one or two species competing for the same ressource disappearsThe biome that dominates much of the subarctic latitude in North America and Eurasia is the: A. desert B. tundra C. taiga D. temperate forestC. taigaSuccession that begins with an abandoned field is an example of secondary succession (T/F)TrueThe earth is an open system with respect to A. organisms B. chemicals C. energy D. all of the above E. none of the aboveC. energyAn example of a biotic factor in a forest ecosystem is a A. waterfall B. cliff C. tree D. rockC. treeWhich of the following would represent an ecosystem? A. a lake B. a fishtank C. a prairieall of themThe mortality rate of organisms following a type III survivorship curve is A. fairly constant throughout life B. higher in post reproductive years C. lower after the organisms become established D. unrelated to ageC. lower after the organisms become established (high mortality in younger age)Categorize the interaction of mistletoe with trees/ shrubs (absorbs nutrients & water, can lead to death ot the tree) A. Commensalism B. Mutualism C. Competition D. Symbiosis E. ParasitismE. ParasitismWhen a rabbit popualtion in a meadow cannot grow any larger it has reached the A. Climax community B. Carrying capacity C. Limiting factor D. minimum sizeB. Carrying capacityWhen part of the Hubbard Brook experimental forest was cut down A. water flowed through the system at a greater rate B. nitrogen began to accumulate in the system C. more phosphorus was lost in stream runoff D. all of the above E. none of the aboveA. water flowed through the system at a greater rateWhich two biomes are the most similar with regard to rainfall? A. Tundra & taiga B. Tundra & desert C. rain forest & savanna D. temperate forest & prairieB. Tundra & desertthe process of converting nitrate to nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide is called A. nitrogen fixation B. ammonification C. denitrification D. eutrophication E. transpirationC. denitrificationDuring exponential growth A. the number of indiv in a population increases rapidly B. the rate of increase fluctuates C. the curve of the graph levels off D. none of the aboveA. the number of indiv in a population increases rapidlyWhat equation is used in the Petersen method? A. N(t+1) = N(t) + B + I -D -E B. N = (M*C)/R C. N(t)= N0 e^rt D. r=rmax ((K-N)/K)B. N = (M*C)/RWhat is happening to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A. it is increasing B. it is decreasing C. it is holding steady D. it is fluctuating wildly E. we have no way of knowingA. it is increasingWhich of the following is not an exalple of interspecific competiton? A. A shrub and a vine competing for sunlight in the understory of a dense forest B. Cheetahs and lions competing for gazelle and zebra C. Two male moose competing for a female during mating season D. Different bird species competing for nest sitesC. Two male moose competing for a female during mating seasonAn island is approximately squared with a radius of 10km. There is no emmigration of immigration. In a mark recapture study of a snake population, 30 individuals were captured, marked an released. In a second capture, 150 snakes were captured , 5 of these had marks. What is the snake population density on the area? A. 900 B. 3/km2 C. 9/km2 D. 450/km2 E. 42C. 9/km2