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Semester 1, Week 2: Classification of Joints

Terms in this set (17)

What are the components of a joint?
Bone, fat, fibrous tissue (ligaments and tendons), and cartilage (hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage)
What is the function of fat in joints?
Packing and insulating material; may act as a shock absorber
What is fibrous tissue and where is it found?
Abundance of collagen fibres organised for strength without rigidity and without elasticity
Found in ligaments and tendons
Ligaments attach _______ to _______ at _______
Tendons attach _______ to _______
Bone to bone, joints (limit movement)
Muscle to bone
What is cartilage tissue?
Cell and fibres (collagen and elastic) organised for strength, rigidity, and some elasticity
What are the two types of cartilage tissue and where are they found?
Hyaline cartilage - at articular surfaces of synovial joints (e.g. costal cartilages)
Fibrocartilage - within vertebral discs (e.g. discs, labrum)
What is a joint and what are the three main categories of joints?
A joint is where two or more articulating bones meet
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Synovial joints are found at the ends of _______ bones within _______ and are lined with _______
Long bones, articular capsules, synovial membrane
Synovial Joints - Structure

Articulating bone surfaces are covered by __________

A __________ surrounds the joint

__________ lines the joint (except where the articular hyaline cartilage is present)

__________ is secreted into the joint cavity by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint and reduce friction

__________ strengthen the joint

__________ and __________ supply the joint
Articular hyaline cartilage
Fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Ligaments
Nerves, blood vessels
What is the function of cartilage in synovial joints?

What is the function of fat pads in synovial joints?

What is the function of ligaments in synovial joints?

What is the function of tendons in synovial joints?

What is the function of bursae in synovial joints?
Cartilage cushions the joint (e.g. meniscus)

Fat pads protect the articular cartilages

Ligaments support and strengthen the joints

Tendons help support the joints

Bursae (pockets of synovial fluid) cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub
What is a sprain?
Ligaments with torn collagen fibres
What are the three types of synovial joints?
Uniaxial/monoaxial - movement through one plane

Biaxial - movement through two planes

Multiaxial - movement through three planes
What are examples of uniaxial synovial joints?
Hinge joints - elbow, knee (flexion/extension)

Pivot joints - atlanto-axial joint (rotation)

Plane/gliding joints - carpal joints (small gliding movements)
What are examples of biaxial synovial joints?
Ellipsoid/condyloid joints - metacarpo-phalangeal joints (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, (circumduction))

Saddle joints - carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, (circumduction))
What is an example of a multiaxial synovial joint?
Ball and socket joints - shoulder, hip (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial rotation/lateral rotation, (circumduction))
Which details are useful when describing a joint?
Type of joint, movement at the joint, articular surfaces, ligaments, characteristics of the joint
To function effectively, joints must be stable. What factors influence the stability at a joint?
Congruence of the articular surfaces
Integrity of the ligaments
Integrity of the surrounding muscles
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