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GCSE History Medicine Through Time

Terms in this set (50)

1348
When was the first Black Death?
males doctors who trained at university for at least 7 years, little practical experience, only the rich could afford them
MA 'Doctors' - Physicans
made and sold remedies, trained through apprenticeships. Most were men, but there was also 'wise women'
MA 'Doctors' - Apothecary
No way to prevent blood loss, no pain relief and infection chance was high, therefore it wasnt attempted often. Not many were trained, but some were at universities. not a respected profession.
MA 'Doctors' - Barber Surgeons
Bubonic- spread by fleas on rats, caused headaches, high temperature and pus-filled swellings on the skin
2 types of diseases during black death
Clean water, medical officers, clean streets
3 factors of good public health?
God, miasma, fashion-prayed, flagellants, locked up jews
3 things that was thought to have caused the black death and 3 things to cure it?
Open sewer, waste and animals in streets
3 problems with public health in MA?
Laws against waste, public latrines, rakers to clean streets
Attempts to solve the problem with public health in MA?
The body contains blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. Balanced and unbalanced. Created by Galen
Theory of the 4 humours?
Hippocrates
Who - four humours?
The brain controlled speech. Arteries carried bloods around the body.
2 areas people learned from Galen in MA?
Universities, doctors NEEDED to be trained, importance of public health
3 ways church helped medicine in MA?
Forbidding dissections, rely on prayers, only learning Galen
3 ways church hindered medicine in MA?
Galen, 4 humours, God caused disease
3 things trainee physicians learned in MA?
1665
Year of the great plague?
Red Cross on doors to warn others
Improvement on dealing with the plague?
Pest houses, no sewage system houses out of wood and dirt
1 thing that had got better and 2 things that had got worse regarding public health in R?
allowed new ideas to be spread. first british one was set up in 1470, and it accelerated the rate of progress in medicane (and everything else)
why printing press was important?
Printing Press (1470s) and microscopes (1590)
2 inventions important to medical progress?
Disporoved many of Galens theories, wrote anatomy books on his discoveries, "the fabric of the human body" and "six anatomical pictures"
What did Vesalius achieve?
Was a barber surgeon, but was a war-surgeon. Guns meant new injuries to be fixed. Before Pare, hot oil was poured on the wound, but he found a new way. Egg white, Turpentine and rose oil, and sowing up artires that were ruptured
What did Pare discover?
Movement of the heart muscle, detailed knowledge of heart, one way system for blood. Disproves Galens idea that blood is created in the Liver
What did William Harvey discover?
Was a renaissance physican who fought in the english civil war before becoming a doctor. Nicknamed "English Hypocrates", made detailed notes about his patients symptoms, he believed diseases could be classified like animals or plants,
What did Sydenham achieve?
1665, killed around 100,000 people in London alone, spread as cities were very densily populated. Blamed on cats and dogs, who were killed, making the problem worse. Superstiton still dominated treatment, such as amulets, remedies, bloodletting and herbs and flowers to prevent spread via miasma.
Great Plague Info and treatment
Quarantine plague victims in houses with red X on door, crowed areas like theatres were closed, people avoided contact
Great Plague Preventions
The royal society
Organisation set up by Charles II?
Only improved anatomy knowledge
2 reasons why Vesalius and Harvey didn't change treatments?
Physicians, mothers, wealthy ladies.
3 people you could go to for help in the R?
Smallpox killed 3500 in 1 year in London, inoculisation was used before, (pus from previous victimput in open wound), worked but could kill.
Smallpox vaccinations.
Discovered that Milk Maidens were immune to smallpox because of cowpox, a weaker version of smallpox.
Injected 25 people with cowpox, and they became immune to smallpox
Vaccination discovered in 1798, made compulsory in 1853.
Edward Jenner
Strong dose could kill, expensive, could pass it on to others.
3 problems with Jenner's discovery?
Identified a cholera outbreak
John Snow
Changed the poor laws
Edwin Chadwick
1848 - improve sanitary conditions
First public health act?
Germs were discovered as early as the 17th centuary, but no one linked them to the cause of disease. Rather, it was vice-versa. Pasteur was employed to find the souring of sugar beet used in fermenting industry alcohol. He proved there was germs in the air by hsowing the different between an ope flask and a closed one., published his book "Germ theory" in 1861
Louis Pasteurs Discoveries
1875 - medical health officers
Second public health act?
Specific microbes cause disease
Robert Koch's Discoveries
Using the germ theory to advance his works, he suggested sterilising surgical equipment with carbolic acid to kill germs, which later became known as antiseptics
Joseph Lister
Worked as a nurse during crimean war (1853-1856), her beliefs in miasma lead to cleaner hospitals, by making sure all the wards were clean and hygienic, and made sure food and water were plentiful for the patients. Death rates in hospitals went from 42% down to 2% in two years after she improved the Barrack Hospital. In 1859, published "notes on nursing" which emphasised need for hygiene and a professional attitude. She then set up a nursing school in London
Florence Nightingale
Elizabeth Garrett
When and Who was Britians first female Doctor?
Pasteur
Who discovers how to make a vaccine for chicken cholera?
Paul Ehrlich
First Magic bullet?
Part of Koch's research team
Factors that helped Erhlich?
Made it possible for women to become doctors
2 women who improved nursing during the Crimean war?
Watson and Crick
DNA?
Fleming- discovered it first, Florey and Chain- got government funding
3 people involved in the development of penicillin?
American & British government
What made mass penicillin production possible?
1895
X-Ray machine
Marie Curie and understanding of x-rays
Factors that led to the development of radiotherapy?
X-rays, radiotherapy, germ theory, penicillin, vaccination, DNA
3 discoveries as a result of scientific research?
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