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Organisation

Terms in this set (64)

Active site
The site on an enzyme where the reactants bind.
Active transport
The movement of substances form a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring additional energy from respiration.
Aerobic respiration
An exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water and releasing energy for the cells.
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area for gaseous exchange.
Amino acids
Molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins.
Amylase
The enzyme made in the salivary glands and the pancreas which speeds up the breakdown of starch into simple sugars.
Anaerobic respiration
An exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. A small amount of energy is transferred to the cells.
Aorta
The main artery leaving the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries
Blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse.
Atria
The upper chambers of the heart.
Bile
Yellowy-green liquid (not an enzyme) made in the gall bladder. It is released into the small intestine and emulsifies fat. It also neutralises stomach acid to give a high pH for the enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine to work well.
Cancer
The common name for a malignant tumour, formed as a result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels which run between individual cells. They have a wall which is only one cell thick.
Carbohydrases
Enzyme which speeds up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars.
Carbohydrates
Molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They provide the energy for the metabolism and are found in foods such as rice, potatoes and bread.
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