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B IB Changing Space-The Shrinking World

Terms in this set (19)

Friction of distance
The reduced likelihood for people to use a service the greater the distance they are away from it. This is due to the time and cost it takes to use it. The term may also be applied to interactions/communication between nations/places the further they are away from each other
Distance Decay
Concept arguing that the greater the distance the greater the reduction of in amount of movement or spatial interaction between places
Time-Space Convergence
Reduction in the friction of distance between to places due to a change in the relationship between time and space. Similarly to speed the concept is closely related to an improvement in modes of transport and telecommunication e.g. More space may be travelled in a shorter amount of time
Time-Space Divergence
Increase in amount of time needed to travel a certain distance due to congestion, speed limits etc.
Factors Influencing the development of a transport system
1. Costs of maintaining infrastructures
2. Quality of external links needed to maintain trade, interaction with other countries
3. Physical barriers such as mountains or climatic conditions
4. Can costs of building and maintenance be covered, for instance, through taxes?
5. Historical Legacy
6. Governmental policies regarding planning and investment
Logistics
Management of the flow of goods, information and other commodities between the point of origin and point of consumption
Supply Chain
The movement of products from a manufacturer to a distributor to a retailer and any points in between.
Airline Hub
An airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destinations
Deregulation
Lifting of governments control over an industry usually resulting in drop of price and increase of consumption
Energy Pathways
Supply Routes between energy producer to consumer e.g. pipelines, shipping routes or electricity cables
Internet Have-Nots
1. People in the developing world
2. Illiterate
3. Some over 60
4. A disproportionate amount of women
5. People living in rural areas
6. Disabled
7. Non-English Speakers (60% of internet is english)
8. Nostalgic-/Low-Tech Movement
Global Civil Society
All movements , associations or individual citizens, independent from the state, whose aim is to transform policies, standards or social structures through communal efforts at national or international level
The 4 interpretations of GCS
1. Protest groups acting against capitalism
2. Human infrastructure needed to spread democracy and development
3. Efforts to provide humanitarian assistance to the poor and oppressed
4. Growing connectedness of citizens around the world
Types of Global Civil Societies
1. Concerned with representing/ fighting for the rights of a certain minority (e.g. Women, ethnic groups etc.)
2. Concerned with aim of benefiting the general public/world at large (e.g humanitarian aid, environmental etc.)
3. Academic organisations (e.g. scholars, scientists etc.)
4. Faith-based
5. Trade-based
ICT and Global Civil Societies
1. Provides cheap, reliable and instantaneous modes of communication around the world
2. Enables promotion thought social media platforms, websites, commercials etc.
3. Virtual communities can be formed
4. One-way flow of information from government only is disrupted (e.g. e-democracy)
5. Raising awareness/donations is much easier due to online participation of disastrous events (through videos, eye-witness testimonials etc.)
Internet penetration rate
The percentage of the population in a country or world region with access to internet
Cyberspace
The virtual shared universe of the world's computer networks
Digital divide
Gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and those with limited access or none at all
Green Data Centre
Centres much more efficient at cooling computers compared with traditional data centres
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...