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A Level English Language Child Spoken Language Theories

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (19)

Chomsky (1965)
Children have an innate ability to learn language; devised the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
Bruner
There are three steps of cognitive learning: Enactive (knowledge through actions)
Iconic (visual summarisation of images)
Symbolic (use of words and symbols to describe experiences)
Bruner (1983)
Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) - caregivers support their child's linguistic development in social situations
Todd and Aitchison
Boy born to deaf parents was only exposed to media, by age 3 his speech was severely underdeveloped
Piaget
Children play an active role in their development
Egocentrism
Object Permanence - 18 Months
Bellugi
There are three stages of negative formations; stage 1 is using no/not at the start of sentence, stage 2 is using no/not inside of sentences, and stage 3 adds a negative modifier to an auxiliary verb. Link to Crystal
Lenneberg (1967)
Critical Period Hypothesis - Without linguistic interaction before 5-6, language development is severely limited (link to Genie)
Genie Case
Genie kept in isolation until 13 years old, could not speak or stand straight; eventually learned to string two-word and three-word combinations
Vygotsky (1978)
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) teaches a child within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - Known as Scaffolding
Skinner
Parents help their children develop language through reinforcement
Katherine Nelson
children's vocabulary falls into 4 categories; Naming
Actions
Describing/Modifying
Personal/Social words
Eve Clark
Overextentions are based on:
Physical qualities
Taste
Sound
Size
Garvey
Children 'pretend play' to develop language
Berko and Brown (1960)
The substitution of fish with fis without realisation
Berko
overgeneralisations- wug theory; 3/4 said wugs
Halliday
7 functions of speech:
Instrumental- fulfils a need
Regulatory- influence the behaviour of others
Interactional- develops relationships
Personal- conveys opinions and ideas
Representational- conveys facts
Imaginative- create an imaginary world
Heuristic- learn about their environment
David Crystal
First words link to
people, actions, food, body, clothing, animals, vehicles, toys, objects, locations, social words, describing, deictic words (empty words)
Leslie Rescorla
There are three types of overextension
categorical- one name for all things in a category (e.g. apple for all fruit)
analogical- one name of similar looking objects ( e.g. orange for ball)
mismatch- abstract sentences (e.g. duck for pond, horse for stable)
Jean Aitchison
3 processes to semantic development
stage 1- labelling
stage 2- packaging (linking labels to objects)
stage 3- networking (connections between words)
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