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Geography paper 1 Edexcel b 9-1 paper 1

Terms in this set (36)

What human activities are thought to contribute to enhanced greenhouse effect
-Farming has meant that large amounts of methane have been released from cattle. Methane traps outgoing radiation causing the climate to warm

Nitrous oxides from jet engines trap radiation causing temperatures to rise

Also deforestation
Describe cyclones
Occur in the tropics between 5 degrees and 30 degrees latitude

Cyclones are powered by warm water (needs to be above 26.5)

Cause rotation by coriolis force
Impacts of cyclones
Storm surges

Coastal flooding

Landslides
Dealing with cyclones
Weather forecasting and satellites

Ground shelters

Organised evacuation

Supplies for people if homes are destroyed
Examples of cyclones
Hurricane Katrina - 1836 deaths
Category 3
Deaths were due to poor
storm surge defences

Cyclone nargis - 138 866 deaths
Category 5
No evacuation procedures
No defences against storm
surges
plate boundaries
Convergent - 2 plates collide (subduction)
Earthquakes and volcanoes
Divergent - convection currents pull crust apart
Volcano ridge

Conservative - two plates slide past each other
Earthquakes
Hotspots
Parts of earth with very high heat flow
Linked to volcanic activity many are not on plate boundaries
2 types of volcano
Shield volcano- found on constructive plate boundaries or hotspots

Composite volcanoes - destructive plate boundaries
What is development?
Measures how advanced a country is compared to others

Standard of living in a country

Quality of life within the country
Factors for evaluating development
Economic- income, types of industry, security of jobs

Physical well-being - diet, access to clean water, environment

Mental well-being - freedom, security, happiness

Social - education, health care, leisure
What is GDP
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
What is HDI
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

Measurements of a country's gdp, life expectancy and years in education
Provide a figure for a country's development level
Causes of global inequality
Social- education, health

Economic and political- government systems, international relations

Environmental- climate
top-down development
Large scale projects aim national or regional
Often funded by international development banks
bottom-up development
Local-scale projects

Aim to benefit a village or small group of communities

Very cheap funded by village itself

Straightforward technology that local people can operate and repair
Globalisation
Developed countries using countries where labour is cheap then sell the products all over the world

Pulls countries together in global economy

Countries trade as one Country has something that the other does not
TNCs
(Trans-national corporations = multi-national corporations)
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization

E.g charity
IGO
Intergovernmental Organization

E.g the United Nations
Mega city
A city with at least 10 million inhabitants
World city
one of the largest cities in the world, generally with a population of over 10 million.

Dominant in global processes
Urban primacy
Most important city in a country which dominates the rest of the country
Hinterland
The region around a city
Rural-urban migration
Permanent movement from suburbs and rural area to the urban city area.
International Migration
Permanent movement from one country to another.
Internal Migration
Permanent movement within a particular country.
natural Increase
the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate
How do cities grow or decline
Migration

Natural increase
why move to the cities
Many more jobs

Better paid

Better education

Better healthcare

Better housing

Modern lifestyle

More opportunities
Formal employment
Jobs that

Pay taxes

Provide workers with job security and legal protection

Hard to get in developing countries
Informal employment
work that does not receive a regular wage and is not monitored by the government

Don't pay taxes

Easy to get in cities

No protection
working conditions
the environment of the workplace
Urbanisation
Increase in the proportion of the countries population living in towns and cities
Suburbanisation
The movement of people, employment and facilities from inner to outer urban areas.
Counter-urbanisation
The process of people moving away from urban areas to live in rural areas
Regeneration
New investment into old, run-down parts of the city
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