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Cell Transport

Terms in this set (15)

Diffusion
Movement of molecules from a high to low concentration, down the concentration gradient.
Osmosis
Movement of water (only) from a high water concentration to a low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane.
Active Transport
Movement of molecules from a low to a high concentration, (against the concentration gradient) using transport protein and energy from respiration.
Isotonic solution
Solute concentration outside cell is the same inside cell.
Hypertonic solution
Solute concentration outside cell is higher than inside cell.
Hypotonic solution
Solute concentration outside cell is lower than inside cell.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution (higher solute concentration outside cell)?
Water moves out of cell by osmosis. Vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the cell becomes plasmolysed.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution (lower solute concentration outside cell)?
Water moves into cell by osmosis and the cell becomes turgid.
What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution (higher solute concentration outside cell)?
Water moves out of cell by osmosis and the cell shrivels.
What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution (lower solute concentration outside cell)?
Water moves into cell by osmosis. No cell wall so cell bursts.
Mitochondria
Organelle that releases energy from respiration, this is needed for active transport.
Oxygen
Gas needed for aerobic respiration, this is required for active transport.
Small intestine contain millions of villi
Creates large surface area for diffusion of molecules.
Villi have thin walls
To give a short diffusion distance.
Villi have a good blood supply
This maintains concentration gradient.
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