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IB Biology (Standard) Topic 2

Terms in this set (72)

Four main properties of water
1. Thermal
2. Solvent
3. Adhesive
4. Cohesive
Adhesive Properties of Water
The dipolarity of water molecules makes them adhere to surfaces that are polar and therefore hydrophilic
Cohesive Properties of Water
Water molecules cohere because of hydrogen bonds that form between them
Thermal Properties of Water
Due to hydrogen bonding, water has high melting and boiling points, high latent heat vaporisation and high specific heat capacity
Solvent Properties of Water
Many substances dissolve in water due to its polarity, including those composed of ions or polar molecules
Examples of Monosaccharides
- Ribose (C5H10O5)
- Glucose (C6H12O6)
Maltose + H2O
glucose + glucose
Lactose + H2O
glucose + galactose
Sucrose + H2O
glucose + fructose
What are the main types of molecules used by living organisms?
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Nucleic Acids
What is a key and unique property of carbon atoms?
They can form four covalent bonds which allows a diversity of stable compounds to exist
Metabolism is divided into two parts, name these
1. Anabolism
2. Catabolism
Anabolism (define, characteristics and examples)
Is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules
Requires energy in form of ATP.
Includes:
Proteins synthesis
DNA synthesis
Photosynthesis
Complex carbohydrates synthesis.
Catabolism (define, characteristics and examples)
Is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules.
Release energy which is captured in the form of ATP.
Includes:
Digestion of food
Cell respiration
Digestion of complex carbon compounds in the dead organic matter.
How are water molecules bound?
- Oxygen covalently bound to 2 hydrogen atoms
- O is more attractive that H and so there is an unequal sharing of electrons
- Polar negative covalent bond (H with slight + charge and O with slight - charge)
- The slight +/- charges of the molecules creates an intermolecular attraction: hydrogen bond
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