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Conflict and tension

Terms in this set (17)

+ Alsace-Lorraine
+no army in Rhineland
-more reparations
-having an army
-the Rhineland not being completely taken away
Georges Clemenceau
+naval supremacy
+more colonies
-harsh reparations = little trade
-unhappy Germans= possible future war
David Lloyd George
+league of nations
-14 points being ignored
-harshness
Woodrow Wilson
Article 231: war guilt
£6.6 million reparations in 1921
Anschluss was forbidden
Danzig was taken
Demilitarisation of Rhineland
6 battle ships
100,000 men
Terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Germans were angry because they were humiliated, they lost land, they had to pay for the war, their economy crumbled, and they had to take the blame for WW1.
The big three were under pressure to reach an agreement- compromise
British- propaganda taught them to hate Germany, fair, Lloyd was hailed a hero
French- furious, not harsh enough, disliked Clemenceau, like gaining control of Saar coal field for 15 years
American- didn't want revenge or compensation, too harsh, US senate refused to sign the treaty.
Reaction to Treaty of Versailles
France- Germany to pay, revenge, weaken Germany, wanted to push German border back to the Rhine
Britain- cautious approach strong so they could trade, wanted German colonies naval supremacy
USA- fair peace, 14 points, League of Nations.
Big three's aims
Collective security
Disarmament
Improved living and working conditions
Tackle deadly diseases
Aims of the League of Nations
1- the assembly(international parliament, unanimous vote)
2-the council (4 permanent members, veto rulings made by the assembly)
3-permanent court of international justice (rulings were not compulsory, advised)
4- secretariat (administration)
5- special commissions (specific issues)
Structure of the League of Nations
Åaland islands 1921- Sweden and Finland both wanted them, Finland got it w=but were forbidden to build forts
Upper silesia 1921-25- a plebiscite was held, German got 60% of votes Poland claimed it was fixed, it was split according to votes. Germany was annoyed and so was Poland but agreed
Bulgaria 1925- Greece invaded when soldiers were killed there, LON forced Greece to retreat and pay compensation, said it was hypocritical as Mussolini got away with it
Success of the League of Nations 1920's
Corfu 1923- italians were made red on Greece land, Italy wanted compensation and the murderers to be executed, Greece didn't know who they were, Italy invaded, LON condemned but undermined them.
Vilna 1920-21- capital of Lithuania, polish army invaded, LON did nothing as Poland was a strong ally against Germany.
Failures of the League of Nations 1920's
-France and Germany
-1925
-lorcano, Switzerland
Agreed peace, accepted terms of the treaty
Other countries like Britain and Italy.
Significant because- Germany was accepting the terms, relationships improved, the LON should have been involve
lorcano treaty
65 countries including Germany, France and USA
1928
Paris, France
Agreed not to go to war.
Damaged LON reputation as it looked like it was just a place to talk
Kellogg-Briand Pact
1931-33
Japan wanted Manchuria's natural resources, they already had industry and a railway there
18 sept- Mukden incident (an explosion an a Japanese railway line)
Feb 1932- gov wanted friendship but the army invaded, the people reacted positively, a puppet leader was put in charge
March 1932- china appealed but LON was reluctant to act, issued a moral condemnation
April 1932- LordLytton report, Japan ignored it left the LON and occupied more Chinese land
Manchurian Crisis
1935-1936
Italy wanted to rebuild empire, natural resources, revenge from a previous invasion,
Dec 1934- Italian troops clashed with Abyssinians at wal wal, LON failed to stop him
January 1935-french foreign minister made a secret deal to do whatever he wanted to
30 June 1935- Abyssinia appealed to the league but did nothing
Oct 1935- Italian troops entered, was condemned but ignored, used chemical weapons
5 may 1936- Italian troops entered the capital
May 1936- Italy left LON
Abyssinian Crisis
1933- rearmament
1934- failed Anschluss with Austria
1935- the Saar plebiscite
1936- remilitarisation of the Rhineland
1938 march, Anschluss, September, invasion of the Sudetenland
1939- invasion of Czech + Poland
Hitler's Steps to War
15th September 1938
Sudetenland given to Germany
3 million Sudeten Germans were being mistreated
Natural resources and factories
Czech was created by the treaty of Versailles
Multiple meetings in Germany- he had the power
Policy of Appeasement
1938
Germany had been ruled by Austria for 600 years
Wanted to unite German speaking people
1934- hitler had Austrian chancellor murdered, backed down when Italy moved troops near border
1938- there was a plot to kill the new chancellor but it was discovered, he felt vulnerable so offered key positions in gov to Nazis.
Hitters puppet was minister for the interior, in charge of police,
Chancellor planned a plebiscite but hitler delayed it and forced him to resign
New chancellor was a Nazi puppet, claimed Austria was in a state of chaos.
12 march nazis entered to restore order, met with cheers.
10 April a plebiscite was held, won 99% of votes
Anschluss with Austria
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