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Rio de Janiero

Terms in this set (97)

Rio is located in
on the south east coast of Brazil,in south america, Brazil is located between the equator and the tropic of Capricorn, this also crosses through the middle of it
Regional importance
provides local people with work, it has 50 museums that show local culture and there is 5 ports and 3 international airports
National importance
provides 5% of Brazil's GDP, finance and insurance industries,5 ports and 3 international airports and was the capital until 1960
International importance
5 major ports exporting sugar,coffee and iron, 3 airports, host city for 2014 world cup, host city for 2016 olympics, stunning natural surroundings,christ the redeemer, 1 of the 7 wonders of the modern world
Rio population
6 million, since 1940 there has been rapid growths in it's population
Reasons for Rio's growth
natural increase,immigration due to the city being attractive and industrialisation between 1920-present day
Health care challenges
only 55% of the city has access to a local family clinic, services for the pregnant and elderly were very poor 60% in the west side, average life expectancy of 45 in west side compared to 64 for the whole city and 80 in barra
only --- of the city has access to a local family clinic
55%
--- had access to elderly and pregnancy service in the west side
60%
average life expectancy of ___ in the west side
45
average life expectancy of ___ in the whole city
64
average life expectancy of ___ in barra
80
Health care solutions in Rio
medical staff taking a health kit to each house in Favella's, these could test for 20 different diseases and then treat them, as a result of this infant mortality has decreased and life expectancy gone up
health kits can test for ___
20 different disease and treat them
education challenges
Compulsory for ages 6-14 but only half continue after this age

Many dropout and become involved in drug trafficking

Shortage of nearby schools

Lack of money and a need to work

Shortage of teachers due to their low pay

Poor training for teachers
education is compulsory for those aged ------
6-14 years old
education solutions
Encouraging local people to volunteer in schools

School grants to poor families

Money made available for free lessons in sports such as volleyball and swimming in Rocinha favela

Private university in Rocinha favela
water supply challenges
12% of Rio did not have access to running water

37% of water lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access

droughts
--- of Rio had no access to running water
12%
__% of water lost due to leaky pipes and fraud
37%
Water supply solutions
Improving quantity and quality of water in favelas and Olympic park
7 New treatment plants built between 1998 and 2014
Over 400km of pipes made
__% of the city has access to mains water making the solutions a success
95%
_ new treatment plants built
7
___km of new pipes laid
400
Energy challenges
frequent blackouts due to electricity shortage
this is worsened by growing population and demands for Olympics
poorer parts get electricity through illegally tapping into main supply
Energy solutions
restoring 60km of new power lines, new nuclear plant,new hydroelectric complex
Energy solutions success
30% increase in electricity but cost $28 billion and took 6 years too complete
__% increase in electricity
30%
energy solutions cost $__billion and _years to complete
28 and 6 years
Rio de Janiero has seen a growth in its ____________ which has boosted the economy
industry
This growth has attracted companies from other parts of __________ and south _________
Brazil and south america
Formal sector of the economy
the legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product
Informal sector of the economy
economic activities that take place beyond official record, not subject to formalized systems of regulations or remuneration
This has increased the number of opportunities in the _________ sector
formal sector
Rio de Janiero is Brazil's _________ most important industrial centre
second
the large population,financial sector,5 _______ exporting sugar,coffee and ______ and industrial areas such as _____________ steel works have aided economic development
ports,iron and volta redonda
the city provides __% of Brazils Jobs
6
Rio de Janiero has one of the ________ incomes per head in Brazil
highest
most jobs are in the __________ services sector
public
the service industry is still
growing
Many people are also employed in _________________ industries after ____________ discovered just off the coast and port industries are also
oil-related industries, after oil and common
common employment
port industries,construction,retail and distribution
_/3 of the jobs are ___________ sector
1/3 and informal
__% unemployment rate in favellas
20
___% of the whole city unemployed
37
___% income of the whole city comes from the urban poor
13%
£___ per week income in many favellas
75
2015 ____________ economic recessions
brazilian
waste pollution challenges
waste problems are worst in favelas:
built on steep slopes and have few roads so limited access for waste collection lorries. Waste is dumped which pollutes the water system causing diseases like cholera and encouraging rats
waste pollution solutions
power plant using methane gas produced by rotting rubbish. consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day and produces electricity for 1000 homes
water pollution challenges
guanarabara bay is highly polluted from fuel dumping this has meant fishing has decreased by 90%, 55 sewer polluted rivers from favella's flow into the bay, these contain 200 tonnes of sewage per day and 50 tonnes of industrial waste per day
___% decrease in fishing
90
____ tonnes of sewage waste per day from favellas
200
-- tonnes of industrial waste per day
50
water pollution solutions
overseas aid reduces sewage in bay

12 sewage works built since 2004 for US$ 68 million

ships are fined for illegally discharging fuel

5km sewage pipe a installed in badly polluted areas
__ new sewage works since 2004 at a cost of $__ billion
12 and 68
_ km of new pipes installed
5
Environmental challenges
heavy pollution in bay, communication of authorities, smog caused by traffic, 40% of Rio's pop live in Favellas, social inequality has caused high crime
__% of Rio's pop live in _______
40 and favellas
Environmental solutions
new areas of low cost housing, new informal settlements built on the edge of the city
Air pollution and Traffic congestion challenges
causes 5000 deaths per year, heavy traffic causing air pollution, time wasted due to traffic congestion and steep mountains make it geographically hard to get around to parts of the city,high crime levels mean people prefer to drive to work and 40% increase in road traffic volume in 10 years
Air pollution and Traffic congestion solutions
expansion of metro under bay, north to south fast, new toll roads reduce congestion, tunnels linking the main city to Barra 40km away from the main city and coast roads make it quick to get places and traffic flow has increased,
___% increase in road traffic volume in 10 years
40
_____ deaths per year due to air pollution
5000
__% of people travel to work by car
60
Rocinha
largest favela in Rio de Janeiro, 75,000 people live there in 2010 but now maybe 3 times as high , it is built on a hillside overlooking rich wealth areas such as Ipanema and Copacabana
Regular work carried out by authorities
has allowed improvements to be made, such as now 90% of houses are built with bricks,sewage systems, running water and electricity, many houses now have TVs and fridges, radio station,retail facilities,private university have been built
Unemployment challenges
20% overall unemployed, £75 per week in favellas, poorly paid jobs and informal sector jobs
Crime challenges
high murder rate 20 per 1000 people in favellas,some favella's are ran by drug gangs, local police are not trusted as they're corrupt and there's too much violence
Construction challenges
poorly constructed houses in favellas, made of materials such as plastic sheets and woods, building on steep slopes means that houses can be washed away in storms
2014 storm in Rio
landslides triggered by heavy rainfall killed 34,000 people and destroyed 13,000 houses
Health challenges
high population density 37,000 per km x km, high infant mortality of 50 per 1000 deaths, many burn rubbish this produces harmful fumes that can damage health
__% no electricity
30
__% no access to running water
12
__% no access to sewers
50
sewers can be _____ and _______ through the streets
open and flow
many people _______ tap into electricity so they can become connected
illegally
drinking taps are at the________________ so many need to travel to them
bottom of hills
stopping urbanisation by developing _________to encourage people to stay there
rural areas
moving people to ____________ to reduce overcrowding
other areas and Barra de Tijuaca
rehousing people from favellas to ___________
basic housing
forced _______ from land for development
eviction
raising ___so the rich help to pay for the poor
taxes
developing _________for youngsters to prevent them from getting involved with crime
cultural activities
Favella Bairro Project
urban poor schemes
Favella Bairro Project
a project that ran from 1995 to 2008 and involved 253,000 people in 73 favellas, it is a site and service scheme that provides land and services for residents to build homes
Social improvements in Favella Complexo de Alemia
access to water supply, drainage systems for improved sanitation, building of services centres i.e.school,medical clinics and a pacifying police unit set up to patrol the community and reduce crime
environmental improvements in Favella Complexo de Alemia
hillsides secured to prevent landslides or people relocated if necessary
Economic improvements in Favella Complexo de Alemia
paved and formally named roads, installation of a cable car provides access to jobs in the commercial centre of ipanema, used by 3000 people per hour and inhabitants get one free return ticket per day
Economic improvements in Favella Complexo de Alemia
access to credit to allow inhabitants to purchase materials to improve their homes and 100 percent mortgages are available so people can buy homes
Favella Bairro Project success
quality of life,mobility and employment prospects for inhabitants have increased because of new developments due to the project, the scheme was recognised as by the UN as a good idea and has been used in other brazillian cities
Favella Bairo project problems
council budget of $1 billion won't cover everyone of the 600 favellas in Brazil,residents lack the skill and resources to maintain newly built infrastructure for example the cable car has now been shut and the olympics + 2015 recession has put pressure on the council, this means many of the problems have returned thus lowering the quality of life
Favella Bairo project problems
the cable car once provided access to jobs and tourists into the favellas this increased the economy in these areas, after it being shut these all dropped
Favella Bairo project problems
more training is needed to improve employment and literacy rates, and some areas have become gentrified making the poorest of the poor even worse off
pasification programme
a scheme to improve the lives of the urban poor where pacifying police units are set up in favellas, to rid favellas of drug dealers and violence
pacification programme success
in Favella vidigal a Favella once ridden with drug dealers, the set up of a UPP has meant the area is drug gang free and safe, as a result it is being transformed and in parts gentrified this has meant land cost has arisen and the urban poor are not at risk of drug gangs
pacification programme problems
it has meant drug dealers and drug gangs were driven to other favellas, where violence has increased lowering the quality of the residents lives. furthermore after the olympics the cities crime levels were not under as much international scrutiny so authorities were no longer under pressure to pay for and carry out passification schemes
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