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Bio quiz (pt 25-26) (9th)

Terms in this set (14)

explain what "descendants come to differ from their ancestors'
mutations/DNA diversity/meiosis
how can pseudogenes help shed light on genetic relationships
'false genes" We all have a genetic code for it, but it is just a remnant of ancestral past that isn't expressed
"proteins of light sensitive cells in the brain-like structure of an ancient marine worm closely resemble those of cells found in the vertebrate eye." What can we gleam from this and whats the connection between modern vertebrates and worms?
Cells from the vertebrae and spinal cord originally stemmed from the brain, and that modern vertebrates and worms have a common ancestor
what do the similarities of the homeobox patterns suggest? What accounts for the slight differences?
genetic relationships with ancestors (common ancestors) with mutations accounting for mutations that create differences over time
what inference can one make if we see similarities in embryonic development
evidence of a common ancestor
crabs and barnacles appear very different in their adult forms, but in their early stages of development they are quite similar. What does the similarity suggest about crabs and barnacles?
invertebrates (no-spine) are more closely related to each other than vertebrae and share a more recent common ancestor
which embryo is which
what 2 embryonic characteristics do all vertebrates share
tail, gill/gill slits, pharyngeal arches, limb buds
the human hand, the bats wing, and the dogs feet all have the same bones in similar locations. What type of structures are these? What does the similarity suggest?
homologous structures created through common ancestors
homologous structures
similar looking but different functions
analogous structures
different looking but similar function
these two images sow animals that have structures that help them to fly. What is it that makes these structures analogous?
they look different/different bone structures but do the same job
early scientists had difficulty explaining structures found in animals that didn't seem to have any function. Notice the pelvic bones in the image of the whale. what do modern scientists call these? What do these features point to?
vestigial structures. Point to...whale ancestors had legs, lived on land that eventually had to/forced to go into the water and evolve.
what are more vestigial structures
humans (tailbones, appendix), blind mole rats (eyes even though underground), flightless birds having wings
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