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A-level biology common wrong questions

Terms in this set (22)

some cells lining the bronchi of the lungs secrete large amounts of mucus. mucus contains protein.
name one organalle you would find in large numbers in a mucus-secreting cell and describe its role in the production of mucus [2 marks]
Golgi apparatus [1]
package and process proteins [1]
describe how mRNA is made in the nucleus of the cell [6 marks]
helicase [1]
breaks hydrogen bonds [1]
only one DNA strand act as template [1]
RNA polymerase joins, joining free floating nucleotides to the exposed strand [1]
by complementary base pairing [1]
pre mRNA is spliced [1]
describe how proteins are digested in the gut [4 marks]
hydrolysis of peptide bonds [1]
endopeptidases break polypeptides into smaller peptide chains [1]
exopeptidases remove terminal amino acids [1]
dipeptidases hydrolyse dipeptides [1]
explain how cellulose molecules are adapted for their function in plant cells [3 marks]
cellulose molecules contain hydrogen bonds [1]
which are strong in large numbers [1]
which provide strength and support to the plant [1]
give 2 ways the structure of starch is similar to cellulose [2 marks]
compact [1]
both polymers [1]
E. coli has no cholesterol in its cell-surface membrane. Despite this, the cell maintains a constant shape. Explain why. [2 marks]
cell unable too change shape [1]
because it has a cell wall [1]
monosaccharides and disaccharides taste sweet.
the lactose free milk made after hydrolysis with lactase tastes sweeter than the cows milk containing lactose. suggest why [2 marks]
lactose hydrolysed to galactose and glucose [1]
so more sugar molecules [1]
explain the importance of maintaining a constant blood pH? [3 marks]
enzyme in blood is sensitive to change in pH [1]
as a result change in tertiary structure [1]
less oxygen binds to haemoglobin [1]
suggest 2 ways pathogens cause disease? [2 marks]
toxins [1]
kills cells [1]
Putting bee honey on a cut kills bacteria. Honey contains a high concentration of sugar. Use your knowledge of water potential to suggest how putting honey on a cut kills bacteria. [3 marks]
higher water poteintial inside cut [1]
water leaves bacteria by osmosis [1]
loss of water stops metabolic reactions [1]
A mutation of a tumour suppressor gene can result in the formation of a tumour. Explain how. [2 marks]
a mutation in the gene can cause uncontrolled cell growth and replication [1]
tumour supressor gene inactivated [1]
Describe how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the secretion of enzymes. [1 mark]
modifies protein [1]
describe how you could use cell fractionation to isolate chloroplast from leaf tissue. [3 marks]
break open cells [1]
second pellet that forms is chloroplast [1]
solution is isotonic, cold and buffered [1]
cells that secrete enzymes contain a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a large Golgi apparatus. describe how the rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the production of enzymes [2 marks]
has ribosomes [1]
to make proteins [1]
the hydrostatic pressure falls from the arteriole end of the capillary to the venule end of the capillary. explain why [1 mark]
loss of water [1]
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