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integument and alimentary steeplechase

Terms in this set (62)

1- countour
2- hyopenna
3 - down
4- semiplume
5- bristle
6- filoplume
label 1-6
1 - dental pad
2- incisive papillae (aids in senses of smell adn tatse and is an olfactory receptor for sexual stimuli)
3- rugae/ ridges of hard palate to help grip food and move it around
label 1, 2 and 3
2- incisive papillae
3- hard palate with rugae
4- soft palate
label 2,3 and 4
1 - apex
2 - body
3 - torus linguae
4 - radix /route
arrow: medial sulcus
aarow head: lingual fossa
b- c: filiform and fungiform
d -e: conical and fungiform
f - vallate
g - vallate
1- parotid duct
2- zygomatic gland
3- sublingual gland
4- mandible salivary gland
5- parotid salivary gland
1- rostral
2- caudal
3- cranial
4- caudal
5- dorsal
6- median plane (if it wasnt in the centre it would be a sagittal plane)
7- dorsal plane (splits body into dorsal and ventral)
8- plantar
9- lateral
10- medial
11- ventral
12- transverse planes (splits body into cranial and caudal)
13 - palmar
14- distal (away from midline of body)
15- proximal (towards midline of body)
1- claw
2- nail bed
3- distal phalanx
4- ligament
top - chestnut (homologous to carpal/tarsal)
middle - ergot (homologous to metacarpal/metatarsal)
bottom - frog (homologous to digital pad)
1 - ungual process of distal phalanx
2 - wall of claw
3 - dermis/quick
5- dorsal elastic ligament
6 - middle phalanx
9 - digital pad
10 - sweat glands
label 1,2,3,5,6,9,10
left - pig
right - cow
palmar surface
1 bulb (homologous to digital pad)
2 sole of hoof
3 wall of hoof
4- hoof accessory digit
5 - dew claw
label what animals these are from and what view it is.
label 1-5
1 - proximal phalanx
2- ungual crest
3- claw fold (skin fold that covers the lateral, dorsal and proximal part of the claw)
4- coronary wall
5- wall
6- ungual process
7- sole
8- wall
9- distal phalanx
10 - sole
11- digital pad
12- epidermis
13 - distal phalanx
14 - medial phalanx
15- dermis
16- digital pads I and II
17- metacarpal pad
18 - digitital pad V
19 - carpal pad
20 - digital pads III and IV
21- metatarsal pad
blue - pad/frog (makes contact with floor, weight bearing)
yellow - sole (underside of foot that does not make contact with the floor)
black - wall (visible when animal is standing)
label blue yellow and black regions
1 - medial claw
2 - lateral claw
3- axial wall
4 - abaxial wall
5 - interdigital claw
6 - bulb of heel
7 - accessory digit
8 - abaxial wall
9 - white line
10 - sole
1 - hoof wall
2 - white line
3 - bars
4 - collateral groove
5 - angle of bar
6 - heel/bulb
7 - frog
8 - central sulcus
9 -toe
10 - quarters
11 - heel
12 -sole
1 - wall
1' - unpigmented part of wall
1'' - angle of bar
1''' - collateral groove
2- white line
3- sole
4- frog
5- bulbs of heel
6- bar
1 frog
2 sole
3 stratum internum
4 periople
5 stratum externum
6 stratum medium

the epidermal-dermal junction is very well developed in horses because they only have one weight-bearing region, the frog.
they have 3 parts to their epidermis: stratum externum, stratum medium, stratum internum and 5 parts to their corneum: perioplic, coronary, lamellar, solar and frog
The stratum externum is the thin, outermost, waterproof layer that is supplied by the perioplic and cornarary papillae. The stratum medium is the thickest part and is supplied by the cornary. The stratum internum laminae extends and digitates with the epidermal laminae, which end in termal laminae, creating the white line
label 1-6 and explain the epidermal-dermal junction in horses
1 - hoof cartilage
2 - digital cushion
3 - venous plexus

with each step, the frog gets squashed, squashing the venous plexus of the cartilages in the digital cushion and squeezing blood into the digital veins

this is important because horses have little distal musculature in the limb whereas most animals do.
label and explain venous return in horses
1- hair shaft
2-epidermis
3. dermis
4. sensory nerve
5. arrector pilli muscle
6. apocrine gland
7. subcutis
8. adipose tissue
9. artery
10. vein
11 motor nerve
12 sebaceous gland
1- maxillary cheek teeth
2-maxillary molar
3- maillary premolar
4- incisors
5-peg teeth
6- incsior
7- mandible cheek teeth
8- mandible premolar
9- mandible molar
10- diastema
1- pelvic flexure
2- transverse colion
3- cranial mesentric artery
4- descending colon
5- rectum
6- caecum
7- ileum
8- cecolic fold
9-jejunum
10- stomach
11- right ventral colon
12- duodenum
13 - sternal flexure
14- diaphragmatic flexure
15- right dorsal colon
16-duodenum
17- left dorsal colon
18/19- left ventral colon
1- oesphagus
2- stomach
3- jejnum and illeum
4- ceacum
5- sacculus rotundus - blind sac at terminal end of illeum that has immune function (lots of lymphatic tissue)
6- rectum
7- anal glands
8-colon
9- appendix (terminal part of cecum that helps digest cellulose)
10 - duodenum
11- pancreas
1- stomach
2- gall bladder
3- duodenum
4- transverse colon
5- descending colon
6- rectum
7- anal canal
8- ceacum
9 - ascending colon
10 - jejenum and illeum
11- pancreas
12- liver
13- diaphragm
14- oesphagus
1- oesphagus
2- caridac sphincter
3- stomach
4- spleen
5- pancreas
6- jejnum and illeum
7- transverse colon
8- descending colon
10- rectum
11- caecum
12- ileocecal junction
13- ascending colon
14- pancreatic duct
15- bile duct
16- gallbladder
17 - duodenum
18 - pyloric sphincter
A- coronet
B- wall
C- bulbs of heel
D- collateral sulucs
E- bars
F- sole
G- frog
H- central sulcus
I - apex of frog

1- toe
2- quarter
3- heel
4- periople (junction between wall of hoof and skin of limb and responsible for the production of the wall)
5- white line
6- corium of frog
7- coronary corium
8- laminae corium (dermis on surface of distal phalx underlying wall of hoof and laminae interdigitating with each other)
9 - corium of sole (dermis underlying sole)
10 - perioplic corium (dermis underluing periople)
11- proximal phalnx
12- medium phalanx
13- distal phalanx
15- lateral cartilage
these are femoral pores.
they are found ont he inside of thighs of lizards
they release phremones to attract mates or mark territory
often they are only present or larger in males
what are these, where are they found and what are their function
this is the preen (common) or uropygial (anatomical) gland
it is a sebaceuous gland
What are the anatomical and common names of this gland and what type of gland is it
tail gland
skim over these glands is often defined by its sparser hair and yellowish colour
what gland is this
these are anal glands in cats and dogs (named sebcaous gland)
they are prone to impaction, in which anal glands swell shut or discharge becomes so thick, the animal cant pass it
this is caused by
- small and obese dogs often cant exert the pressure to empty glands
- allergies
- loose stalls
- poor nutrition
signs:
- scooting
- foul odder from near the anus
- excessing licking of bottom
- turning around towards bottom in pain
- brownish residue where dog was sitt
what glands are these, in what species are they found and what is a common problem with them
first image - interdigital pouch
used for trail marking so sheep and lambs can find each other
second image - interorbital puch
territorial marker
third image - inguinal pouch
used so lambs can find the udder and when lambs are suckling they have sebum secreted over them for identification purposes

sebum in sheep is called lanolin and it has meant commercial uses (base for ointment, cosmetics and as a cleaning agent)
name these sebaceous glands on the sheep and say their description
ewe
1- teat sinus
2- sinus lactiferous - where milk is stored
3- parenchyma tissue = functional tissue involved in milk production, mainly composed of alveoli and ducts
4- annular ring/ mucosal fold = separates the gland and teat duct (regions of the lactiferous duct)
5- body wall
6- smooth muscle orifice - closes when not milking to prevent milk leaking and bacterial infection
what gland is this? what animal is it from? label
this is the cow mammary gland
1 - wall
2 - parenchyma
3 - lactiferous ducts
4 - teat sinus
5 - milk vein (carries blood from udder to the heat
what gland is this? what animal is it from? label
1 - wall horn - weight bearing
2 - sole of bulb
3 - white line
4 - distal phalanx
5 - dermis
6- sole
7 - peiople
8 - flexor tendon
9 - digital cushion
chicken
what animal is this from
pig
what animal is this from
sheep
what animal is this from
cow
what animal is this from
sheep
what animal is this from
pig
what animal is this from
chicken
what animal is this from
pink - paralumbar fossa
- where the rumen should be ausculated
- normal ruminal turnover is every 90 to 3 mintues
- normally should be doughy and not leave a lasting impression

orange - where the cervical oesphagus is located
orange - you should percuss and auscultate for pings caused by left displaced abomasum in the line connecting point fo elbow and wing of illeum between
q0th and 13th on the right
9th and 13th rib on th left

pink - paralumbar fussa
pink - paralumbar fossa
pig
what animal is this from
pig
what animal is this from
cow
what animal is this from
sheep
what animal is this from
cow tongue
large part
fold
1 - parotid duct
3 - parotid gland
4- mandible gland
6 - mandibular duct
7 - sublingual duct
8 - zygomatic gland
1- stomach
2- ascending duodenum
3- descending duodenum
4- ileocolic fold
5- jejunum
6- ileum
7- caecum
8- ascending colon
9 - transverse colon
10 - descending colon
11- rectum
...
1- fundus
2- gastric diverticulum
3- opeshagus
4- nonglandular mucosa
5- lesser curvature
6- cardiac gland region
7- region of proper gastric glands
8- median plane
9- pylorus
10 - torus pyloricus
11- duodenum
1- oesphagus
2- spleen
3- reticulum
4- dorsal sac of rumen
5- ventral sac of rumen
6- abomasum
7- reticular groove
8- body of abomasum
9- atrium ruminis (where food enters before entering the rumen)
10- caudodorsal blind sac
12- ventral part of rumen
13- omasum
14-descending duodenum
16- intestinal mass covered by greater omentum
1- liver
2- stimach
3- spleen
4- pancreas
5- descending duodenum
6- ascending duodenum
7- ileum
8-cecum
9-ascending colon
10- transverse colon
11- descending colon

14- bladder
1 - diaphragm
2 -liver
3- stomach
4 - spleen
5 - left and right kidneys
6 - descending colon
7 - descending duodenum
8 - pancreas
9 rectum
1- heart
2- diaphragm
3- stomach
4- illeum and jejunum
5- spleen
6- bladder
2- tongue
3 soft palte
5 frontal sinus
6 epiglottis
7 espohagus
8 trachea
1- apex of tongue
2- body of tingye
3- root of tongue
4- lyssa
5- vallate papilla
6- fungiform papillae
8- palatine tonsil
9 - epiglottis
1 - dorsal sac of rumen
2- venral sac of rumen
3- caudal flexure of duodenum
4- superficial wall of greater omentum
5- deep wall of greater omentum
6- omental bursa (hollow space formed by the greater and lesser omentum and its adjacent organs)
7- supraomental recess (where the rumen is stored)
1- reticulum
2 omasum
3 abomasum
4- rumen
gland 1 - zygomatic
gland 2 - parotid
gland 3 - mandibular
gland 4 - sublingual
a periotneum is serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and some of the organs inside
b connecting periotneum between the intestine and the abdominal wall
c connectiner periotneum between two visceral or visceral and parietal periotneum
d connecting peritoeneum between 2 visceral periotneum
e connecting periotoneum between stomach and abdominal organds or abdominal walls
A)
a - lateral lamina
b- medial lamina

B) symphasis of pelvis and ventral abdominal wall

c) rupture of suspensory apparatus
A) Name the parts of the suspensory apparatus found within the udder, indicated by the labels 'a' and 'b' [2 marks]
B) Where does the suspensory apparatus attach to? [2 marks]
C) What condition affecting the apparatus is sometimes seen in dairy cows bred for high milk production? [1 mark]
[Total: 5 marks]
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