Latin Sagae Thessalae

iuvenis ego Mileto profectus ad spectaculum Olympicum, cum haec etiam loca provinciae clarae visitare cuperem, peragrata tota Thessalia Larissam perveni.
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iuvenis ego Mileto profectus ad spectaculum Olympicum, cum haec etiam loca provinciae clarae visitare cuperem, peragrata tota Thessalia Larissam perveni.
I, as a young man, having set out from miletus to watch the Olympic games. Since I also wanted to visit the sites of this distinguished province, having travelled through all of Thessaly, I arrived at Larissa
iuvenis ego Mileto profectus ad spectaculum Olympicum, cum haec etiam loca provinciae clarae visitare cuperem, peragrata tota Thessalia Larissam perveni. (analysis)
'iuvenis' COW - emphasis on young - foreshadows naivety and mistakes

'haec, loca, provinciae, clarae' extensive listing exagerates fame of the place

'peragrata tota Thessalia' - homoioteleuton of 'a' sound; represents either fear or the length of the journey (exaggeration, draws readers in)
ac dum urbem pererrans tenuato viatico paupertati meae fomenta quaero, medio in foro senem conspicio.
And while wandering through the city I sought a remedy for my poverty because my travelling allowance had diminished, I caught sight of an old man in the middle of the forum.
ac dum urbem pererrans tenuato viatico paupertati meae fomenta quaero, medio in foro senem conspicio. (analysis)
long sentence, ends on mention of old man to build suspense and emphasis this character.
insistebat lapidem magnaque voce praedicabat, si quis mortuum custodire vellet, magnum praemium accepturum esse.
He was standing on a stone and proclaiming in a great voice that if anyone wanted to guard a dead man, he would recieve a great prize
insistebat lapidem magnaque voce praedicabat, si quis mortuum custodire vellet, magnum praemium accepturum esse. (analysis)
'insistebat' - EP, verb at start emphasises the action

three different ways of emphasising the old man brings focus onto the importance of the character

'magnum praemium accepturum' - homoioteleuton of 'm' emphasises how large and great prize is

COW - something fishy about having to guard a dead man
et cuidam praetereunti "quid hoc" inquam "audio? hic mortui solent aufugere?"
And to a certain man going past I said 'What is this I hear? Here, are dead people accustomed to run away?'
et cuidam praetereunti "quid hoc" inquam "audio? hic mortui solent aufugere?" (analysis)
'hic mortui solent aufegere' (rhetorical) question is humourous. Use of direct speech.
'tace,' respondit ille. 'nam puer et satis peregrinus es, meritoque nescis Thessaliae te esse, ubi sagae ora mortuorum semper demorsicant, quae sunt illis artis magicae supplementa.'
'Be quiet,' the man replied. FOr you are a boy and a mere foreigner adn naturally you do not know that you are in Thessaly, where witches always bite the faces of the dead with their mouth, which are ingredients for their arts of magic.'
'tace,' respondit ille. 'nam puer et satis peregrinus es, meritoque nescis Thessaliae te esse, ubi sagae ora mortuorum semper demorsicant, quae sunt illis artis magicae supplementa.' (analysis)
'tace,' respondit ille. 'nam puer et satis peregrinus es, - EP = imperative, direct speech and use of 'little boy' and 'foreigner' creates an aggressive tone, which creates tension

the sentence contains many vowels, creating an emphasis on the witches.

'semper' - hyperbole = danger

'demorsicant' - vivid word choice = emphasis of death

'supplementa' - delayed nominative = EP = creates suspense as information witheld from audience.
contra ego: "quali custodela," inquam, "opus est?"In reply I said "What sort of protection is needed?""iam primum," respondit ille, "totam noctem eximie vigilandum est apertis et inconivis oculis semper in cadaver intentis, nec acies usquam devertenda est, cum illae pessimae sagae latenter arrepant, forma in quodvis animal conversa. nam et aves et canes et mures, immo vero etiam muscas, induunt.'First of all' he replied 'You must stay fully awake for the whole night with open and sleepless eyes always directed at the corpse, nor should you glance away anywhere, since those very wicked witches secretly creep up, having changed shape into any kind of animal. For they take the form of both birds and dogs and mice, and indeed even flies'"iam primum," respondit ille, "totam noctem eximie vigilandum est apertis et inconivis oculis semper in cadaver intentis, nec acies usquam devertenda est, cum illae pessimae sagae latenter arrepant, forma in quodvis animal conversa. nam et aves et canes et mures, immo vero etiam muscas, induunt. (analysis)the passage emphasises and contrasts the duties of Thelyphron and the danger of the Witches to create a sense of danger. extensive listing of 'totam noctem eximie vigilandum' 'apertis' 'inconinvis' 'semper' emphasises duties. 'apertis et inconvis oculis' = homoioteluton emphasises 'illae pessimae' = irregular superlative creates exaggeration 'illae pessimae sagae' = homoioteleuton = sound is eerie/ominous polysyndeton of 'et' exaggerates extent of witches' abilities. EP of 'induunt' creates suspense = dramatic delay with verb at the end. exaggeration is like a warning, shows the big stakes involved in taking this job.his cognitis animum meum commasculo et statim accedens senem "clamare" inquam "iam desine. adest custos paratus."When I had got to know these things, I strengthened my spirit and at once approached the old man and said 'Stop shouting now/ A ready guard is here.'his cognitis animum meum commasculo et statim accedens senem "clamare" inquam "iam desine. adest custos paratus." (analysis)consonance of 'm' shows determination and confidence 'commasculo' = COW - a rare verb; emphasises how Thelyphron is trying to prove his manliness. 'statim' - repetition of statim to create fast pace/excitement 'adest' - EP - emphasis on prescence/readiness, also adds to fast pacevix finieram et statim me perducit ad domum quandam, ubi demonstrat matronem flebilem fuscis vestimentis contectam.Scarcely had I finished when at once he led me to a house where he pointed out a weeping woman covered in dark clothingvix finieram et statim me perducit ad domum quandam, ubi demonstrat matronem flebilem fuscis vestimentis contectam. (analysis)'perducit' 'demonstrat' = EP repetition - more emphatic placement, creates notion of non-stop action. 'matronem flebilem fuscis vestimentis contectam.' = EWO - wrapped in dark clothing, consumed by grief. 'flebilem fuscis' = 'f' alliteration; welling up with tears.ibi corpus splendentibus linteis coopertum manu revelavit. ubi singula anxie demonstravit, exiit.There she revealed with her hand, a body covered with shining white sheets. When she had anxiously pointed out his individual features, she left.ibi corpus splendentibus linteis coopertum manu revelavit. ubi singula anxie demonstravit, exiit. (analysis)'corpus splendentibus linteis coopertum' = EWO - body covered in sheets 'singula anxie' = woman is fearful, foreshadows and emphasises how the danger of the witches. 'fuscis'/'splendentibus' = contrast of dark clothing and white sheets = life and death 'ubi demonstravit' = emphasis on facial features = foreshadowing.sic desolatus ad cadaveris solacium, perfrictis oculis et paratis ad vigiliam, dum animum meum permulcebam cantationibus, usque as mediam noectem pervigilabamthus left alone to the comfort of the corpse, having rubber and prepared my eyes for vigil, while I was soothing my mind with songs, I stayed awake until the middle of the nightsic desolatus ad cadaveris solacium, perfrictis oculis et paratis ad vigiliam, dum animum meum permulcebam cantationibus, usque as mediam noectem pervigilabam (analysis)'a' assonance in 'desolatus as cadaveris solacium' = shows apprehensive tone 'ahh' 'cadaveris solacium' = comfort of the corpse = humour. 'perfrictis oculis et paratis' = homoioteleuton- emphasis on the word emphasises his readiness polyptoton of 'vigil' = (same word root) emphasises commitment 'm' consonance evokes sound of humming, imitates singingtum autem mihi formido cumulatior cum repente introrepens mustela contra me constitit oculosque in me fixit.But then my terror increased when suddenly, a weasel crept in, stood opposite me and fixed ites eyes upon me.tum autem mihi formido cumulatior cum repente introrepens mustela contra me constitit oculosque in me fixit. (analysis)'mihi' 'me' - polyptoton/repetition of 'me' shows how the weasel's actions were directed towards thelyphron, which makes it seem human=like, highlights strangeness. 'formido cumulatior' (great terror) contrasts with earlier soothing tone polyptoton of 'repente' 'introrepens' = sudden creepiness of the weasel 'mustela' - delayed word order, builds suspense and is humourous. weasel's association with witches and bad luck. 'contra me constitit' and 'in me fixit' = repeated phrase to show the cleverness/creepinessof the weasel is unusual and highlights its boldness.tanta fiducia in tantulo animali mihi turbavit animum. denique sic illi 'abi' inquam 'scelesta bestia, antequam meam vim celeriter experiaris! abi!'so much confidence in such a small creature disturbed my mind. Finally I spoke in this way to it 'Go away, wicked beast, quickly before you experience my strength... go away'tanta fiducia in tantulo animali mihi turbavit animum. denique sic illi 'abi' inquam 'scelesta bestia, antequam meam vim celeriter experiaris! abi!' (analysis)contradicting point of 'tanta' and 'tantulo' contrasts realistic expectations with ridiculous characteristic - creates humour. 'turbavit' = delayed verb shows confusion of thelyphron repetition of 'abi' shows desperation 'scelesta bestia' = overdramatic to compare weasel with wicked beast = humour and fright of thelyphron.mustela terga vertit et e cubiculo protinus exit. sine mora somnus tam profundus me repente demergit,the weasel turned its back and immediately went out of the bedroom. Without delay a sleep so deep immediately overwhelmed memustela terga vertit et e cubiculo protinus exit. sine mora somnus tam profundus me repente demergit, (analysis)'protinus' - lots of adverbs throughout = sense of urgency translates a sense of pace and excitement as well as 'sine mora' adn 'repente'ut ne deus quidem Delphicus ipse facile discerneret posset ex duobus nobis iacentibus, quid esset magis mortuus.that even the god of Delphi himself could not easily, indeed, decide from the two of us lying there, who was more dead.ut ne deus quidem Delphicus ipse facile discerneret posset ex duobus nobis iacentibus, quid esset magis mortuus. (analysis)'deus quidem Delphicus' - alliteration of 'de' emphasis the importance of the god and exaggerates the metaphor. 'facile' = even apollo can't sibilance of 'ex...mortuus' creates a sinister and suspicious tone, creating a notion of witches plotting and the weasel tautology. 'm' consonance is humourous and contrasts with the mysterious tone and releases tension.tandem prima luce expergitus et magno pavore perterritus cadaver accurro, et admoto lumine revelatoque eius vultu, omnia diligenter inspicio: nihil deestFinally at dawn I woke u[ and terrified with a great panic, I ran over to the corpse and I bought a lamp near and revealed his face, and I inspected everything carefully: nothing was missingtandem prima luce expergitus et magno pavore perterritus cadaver accurro, et admoto lumine revelatoque eius vultu, omnia diligenter inspicio: nihil deest (analysis)'pavore perterritus' emphasises terror 'omnia diligenter inspicio' = ironic/foreshadowingecce uxor misera flens introrumpit: cadavere inspecto reddit sine more praemiumLook- the wretched wife burst in weeping; when she had inspected the body, she paid my reward without delay.ecce uxor misera flens introrumpit: cadavere inspecto reddit sine more praemium (analysis)'misera flens' - heightens scene with emotion 'introrumpit' = choice of word = very dramatic 'inspicio and inspecto' = polyptoton. irony due to emphasis on inspection = didn't look hard enough praemium = EP = delayed in sentence to show how he's finally been payed. all the drama leads to this - sense of security to be later juxtaposed.'per fidem vestram' inquit 'cives, per pietatem publicam, permpto civi subsistite et extremum facinus istius feminae nefariae scelestaeque severiter vindicate.He said " For the sake of your honour, citizens, for the sake of your public duty, help this murdered citizen and punish severly the vilest deed of this wicked and evil woman.'per fidem vestram' inquit 'cives, per pietatem publicam, permpto civi subsistite et extremum facinus istius feminae nefariae scelestaeque severiter vindicate. (analysis)anaphora of 'per' = stresses obligation/duty of people- desperation for justice 'p' alliteration = plosive, harsh and accusatory tone = anger to woman, desperation for justice 'pietatem' = COW, stresses the duty of the people - invokes honour = emotive language imperatives of 'subsistite' and 'vindicate' emphasises again the obligation of the ciitzens 'istius' = accusatory demonstrative pronoun= blame 's' consonance in 'istius..scelestaeque severiter' emphasises prescence of wicked and scheming nature of woman. homoioteleuton of 'feminae nefariae scelestaeque' = displays the man's anger towards the woman, captures audience attention. shows desperation and exaggerates the evil of the womanhaec enim nec ullus alius miserum iuvenem, sororis meae filium, in adulteri gratiam et ob praedam hereditariam exstinxit veneno'For this woman, and not anyone else, has killed with poison this poor young man, son of my sister, to please her lover and to steal an inheritencehaec enim nec ullus alius miserum iuvenem, sororis meae filium, in adulteri gratiam et ob praedam hereditariam exstinxit veneno' (analysis)'haec' = accusatory demonstrative pronoun; blaming 'u' assonance = dark vowel = sinister sound of evil juxtaposition of 'filium' and 'adulteri'; she picked the lover over her son; visual representation of displacement = betrayal homoioteleuton of 'gratiam et ob praedam hereditariam' = emphasises woman's greed for money. 'existinxit veneno' = EP of poison = dramatic suspenseilla, lacrimis effusis quamque sanctissime poterat adiurans cunctos deos, tantum scelus abnuebat. ergo senex ille: 'veritatis arbitrium in divinam providentiam ponamus.She, with tears pouring out, calling all the gods to witness as piously as she could, was denying such a great crime. Therefore the old man said 'let us put the judgement of the truth into the divine providence.'illa, lacrimis effusis quamque sanctissime poterat adiurans cunctos deos, tantum scelus abnuebat. ergo senex ille: 'veritatis arbitrium in divinam providentiam ponamus. (analysis)'illa' = demonstrative prnoun; emphasis on woman, focus shifting ablative absolute of 'lacrimis effusis' (content) dramatic due to foreshadowing; putting on an act superlative of 'quamque sanctissime' shows her desperation to persuade crowd and gods 'cunctos deos' = emphatically placed, delay of trying to highlight her innocence, COW of cunctos as she tries to invoke the gods 'veritatis' = EP, truth at start as it is the most importantZatchlas adest Aegyptius propheta notissimus, qui mihi promisit se pro magno praemio spiritum istius cadaveris paulisper ab inferis reducturum esse corpusque animaturumZatchlas is here, a very well known Egyptian prophet, who has promised me that for a great reward he will bring back the spirit of this corpse from the dead for a little while and reanimate the body.Zatchlas adest Aegyptius propheta notissimus, qui mihi promisit se pro magno praemio spiritum istius cadaveris paulisper ab inferis reducturum esse corpusque animaturum (analysis)EP of 'adest' to highlight importance and fame of Zatchlas superlative of 'notissimus' again emphasises Zatchlas's importance homoioteleuton of 'pro magno praemio' places emphasis on the prize; zatchlas's professionalism requires a high price contrast of 'cadaveris' and 'corpusque animaturum' contrast of life and death shows Zatchlas's powerimmitto me turbae et pone ipsum lectulum lapidem insistens omnia curiosis oculis spectabam. iam tumore pectus cadaveris extolli, iam spiritu corpus impleri.I pushed myself into the crowd and standing on a stone behind the bier itself, I watched everything with curious eyes. Now the chest of the corpse was raised with swelling, now the body was filled with lifeet surgit cadaver et profatur: 'cur, oro, me post Lethaea pocula iam Stygiis paludibus innatantem ad momentariae vitae officia reducitis? desine iam, precor, desine, ac me in meam quietem permitte.'and the corpse got up and spoke: 'Why, I pray, have you brought me back to the duties of a short-lived life after drinking from the waters of the Lethes and sailing on the Stygian swamp? Stop now, I pray, stop and let me go back to my rest.'haec vox de corpore audita est, sed propheta aliquanto commotior 'quin narras' inquit 'populo omnia de morte tua?'This voice was heard from the corpse, but the prophet somewhat more forcefully said. 'Why not tell the people everything about your death?'respondet ille de lectulo et imo cum gemitu populum sic adloquitur: 'malis novae nuptae artibus peremptus et addictus noxio poculo, torum tepentem adultero reddidi.He replied from the bier and addressed the people with a deep groan in this way: 'Murdered by the evil arts of my new bride and a victim of a poisoned wine cup, I gave up my warm bed to the adulterer.'dabo vobis documenta veritatis perlucida, et quod prorsus alius nemo cognoverit vel ominaverit indicabo.'I will give you very clear proof of the truth and I will reveal that which absolutely no-one else has discovered or predicted.tunc digito me demonstrans: "nam cum corporis mei custos hic sagacissimus exsertam vigiliam mihi teneret, sagae quaedam exuviis meis imminentes forma mutata apparuerunt.Then, point to me with a finger, he said 'for while this most keen-witted guard of my corpse was keeping an alert watch on me, certain witches who were eagar for my remains, appeared in a changed form.cum industriam sedulem eius fallere non potuissent, postremo iniecta somni nebula eum in profundam quietam sepeliveruntWhen they were not able to decieve his determined dilligence, they finally gave up and threw a cloud of sleep over hiim and buried him in a deep sleep.tum me nomine excitare coeperunt neque prius desierunt quam dum hebetes artus mei et membra frigida ad artis magicae obsequia segniter nituntur.then they began to wake me up by name and they did not stop until my sluggish joints and cold limbs slowly struggled to obey their magic arthic autem, qui vivus erat, et tantum sopore mortuus, idem mecum nomen forte habetBut this man who was alive, and only dead in sleep by chance had the same name as me