Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

MRCOG Recalls

Terms in this set (435)

Atosiban is (SEPT 2017)
A. Progesterone agonist
B. Progesterone antagonist
C. Use as tocolytic
D. Oxitocin agonist
E. Oxytocin antagonist
Oxytocin antagonist
30-year-old woman with bipolar disorder is 12-week pregnant. She has been taken her
lithium every night. Which of the following abnormality may occur if she continues to take
lithium? (SEPT 2017)
A. Tetralogy of Fallot's
B. Dandy walker syndrome
C. Ebstein Anomaly
D. Limb reduction deformity
E. Transposition of great arteries
Ebstein anomaly
A 7 week pregnant women with history of previous two miscarriage. Ultrasound showed...
(SEPT 2017)
What is the most likely karyotype ?
A. 46, XX
B. 46, XY
C. 69, XXX
D. 69, XXY
E. 69, XYY
46 XX (molar preg)
The antibacterial action of BenzylPenicillin is due to its effect on? (SEPT 2017)
a. Cell membrane permeabilty
b. Cell wall synthesis
c. Protein synthesis
d. DNA synthesise RNA synthesis
Cell wall synthesis
Warfarin acts where in the clotting cascade?(SEPT 2017)
a. factor V
b. factor VII
c. fibrinogen
d. prothrombin
e. Vitamin K antagonist
Vit K antagonist
Grade B recommendation of RCOG means (SEPT 2017-Grade A)
a. at least one randomized controlled trial
b. meta analysis from several randomized controlled trials
c. at least one well designed study not randomized
d. well controlled studies but non randomized
e. expert opinion
well controlled studies but not randomised
Appendiceal artery is a branch of ?(SEPT 2017)
a. Ileocolic artery
b. inferior mesenteric a.
c. left colic a.
d. middle colic a.
e. right colic a.
Ileocolic a
What is the most common cause of the female urethral caruncle? (SEPT 2017)
A. Trauma
B. Tumour
C. Infection
D. Hypoestrogenism
E. Congenital
hypoestrogenism
What type of variable is ABO Blood Group ? (SEPT 2017- BMI)
a. Ordinal
b. Nominal
c. Continuous
D. Categorical
E. Discrete
Nominal
Which of the following is precursor of Serotonin? (SEPT 2017), 2018, 2019
A) Histidine.
B) Glycine.
C) Arginine.
D) Tyrosine.
E. Tryptophan
tryptophan
11.Identify the area represented by B in the diagram (SEPT 2017)
a. Pudendal cleft
b. Vestibule
c. Fourchette
d. Fossa Navicularis
vestibule
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Deficiency disease of vitamin? (SEPT 2017)
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin B6
E. Vitamin B12
vitamine B1/thiamine
Incidence of "RARE" disease when translated into mathematics is?(SEP 2017)
a. 1:100
b. 1:1000
c. 1:1000- 1:10,000
d. 1:10,000 -1:100,000
e. >1:100,000
1:1000 - 1:10,000
Which protein is coiled in DNA? (SEPT 2017)
A. Polymerase
B. Cytosine
C. Helicase
D. Histones
E. Steroid
Histones
A 16-year-old has recently become sexually active. She complains of intensely irritating
greenish frothy vaginal discharge. The organism is seen under microscope with peri nuclear
halo. What is the most likely causative organism? (MARCH 2017)
A. Candida albicans
B. Chlamydia trachomatis
C. Gardnerella vaginalis
D. Trichomonas vaginalis
E. Treponema palladium
trichomonas vaginalis
A 65-year-old nulliparous women presents with vaginal spotting. A hysterectomy is
performed, and pathologic examination of the removed uterus reveals heterologous
components of a malignant tumor of the endometrial glands and metaplastic cartilage. Which
of the following is the most likely diagnosis? (MARCH 2017)
A. Stromal sarcoma
B. Carcinosarcoma
C. Adenosarcoma
D. Endometrioma
E. Adenocarcinoma
Carcinosarcoma
For overactive bladder a new drug called Mirabegron is used. Which is the single
mechanism of action for this drug? (MARCH 2017)
A. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor
B. Muscarinic receptors agonist
C. Selective Beta-1 agonist
D. Selective Beta-3 agonist
E. Selective Beta-3 antagonist
selective b3-antagonist
Which of the following is a Side effect of Terbutaline (MARCH 2017)
A . Maternal tachycardia
B . Maternal bradycardia
C . Fetal tachycardia
D . Fetal bradycardia
E. IUGR
Maternal tachycardia
A 50 years old women with absent periods for 2years, has bilateral ovarian mass with
solid areas on scan and CA 125 of 100. What is her RMI score? (MARCH 2017)
A.900
B.600
c.700
d.450
e.25
900
In ECG which lead reflects the inferior wall of heart? (MARCH 2017)
A. V1, V2
B. V3, V4
C. aVR
D. I, aVL
E. II, III, aVF
II, III, aVF
What is the embryological origin of Gartners duct cyst? (MARCH 2017)
A. Cloaca
B. Genital tubercle
C. Mesonephric duct
D. Paramesonephic duct
E. Urogenital septum
mesonephric duct - aka Wolffian duct
What is the SI unit for the activity of radioactive decay? (MARCH 2017)
A. Gray
B. Sievert
C. Rad
D. Roentgen
E. Becquerel
Becquerel
What is the contrast dye used in MRI scans? (MARCH 2017)
A. Iodine
B. Barium
C. Thallium
D. Gadolinium
E. Tecnisium
gadolinium
Which of the following hormones increases the excretion of calcium in Kidney?(MARCH
2017)
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Calcitonin
D. parathyroid hormone
E. Antidiuretic hormone
calcitonin
When Choriocarcinoma metastasizes, it has a predominantly spread by which route ?
(MARCH 2017)
A. Direct invasion
B. Hematogenous
C. Lymphatic
D. Surface implantation
E. Transcoelomic
Haematogenous
What sexually transmitted disease (STD) is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi? (MARCH
2017)
A. Chancre
B. Chancroid
C. Granuloma inguinale
D. Condyloma acuminatum
E. Molluscum contagiosum
chancroid
What drug can be given in methotrexate toxicity? (MARCH 2017)
A. Folic acid
B. Vitamin B12
C. Pyridoxine
D. Thymidine
E. Folinic acid
Folinic acid
40-year-old woman had bilateral silicone breast implants placed two years ago. Since that
time, she has noted increased firmness with slight deformity of the breast on the left. The
implants are removed, and there is evidence for leakage of the implant contents on the left.
Which of the following cell types is most likely to be most characteristic of the inflammatory
response in this situation?
(MARCH 2017)
A. Neutrophils
B. Mast cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Giant cells
E. T lymphocytes
Giant cells
Which is common malignant tumour in newborn? (MARCH 2017)
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Teratoma
C. Neurofibroma
D. Sarcococcygeal teratoma
E. Granulosa cell tumour
sacrococcygeal teratoma
Which of the following is contraindication of the use of oxybutynin?
(MARCH 2017)
A. Bronchial asthma
B. Narrow angle glaucoma
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Parkinsonism
E. Peptic ulcer
narrow angle glaucoma
A neoplasm of the female genital tract occurring in an 18-year-old girl whose mother was
treated with diethylstilbestrol during the pregnancy is likely to be a: (MARCH 2017)
A. Brenner cell tumor of ovary
B. Teratoma of ovary
C. Sarcoma botryoides of vagina
D. Clear cell carcinoma of vagina
E. Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva
clear cell carcinoma of vagina
Active form of Vit-D is produced in which organ? (MARCH 2017)
a. Skin
b. Liver
c. Lungs
d. Kidney
e. Adrenal glands
Kidney
which is most likely dx
Patau syndrome
Considering the following pedigree.What is the mode of inheritance?(NEW)
A. Autosomal dominant
B. X-linked dominant
C. Y-linked dominant
D. Autosomal recessive
E. X-linked recessive
X linked
The most common cause of delay in puberty in males is: (MAR 2017)
A. Constitutional delay in growth
B. Klinefelter's syndrome
C. Noonan's syndrome
D. Primary hypothyroidism
E. Gonadal dysgenesis
constitutional delay in growth
Lancefield grouping of streptococci is based on the presence of ?(MAR 2017)
A. Carbohydrate antigen on cell wall
B. Peptidoglycan antigen on cell wall
C. M protein
D. Color of blood agar
E. Sugar fermentation
carbohydrate composition of antigens on cell wall
Antihypertensive which causes postnatal depression, when used in permpartum period?
(MARCH 2017)
A. Methyl dopa
b. Labetalol
c. Nifedipine
d. Lisinopril
E. Hydralazine
methyldopa
Clomifene citrate mechanism of action ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Androgenic steroid
B. Estrogenic steroid
C. Progestogenic steroid
D. Gonadotropin analogue
E. Selective estrogen receptor modulator
SERM
Which of the following Antineoplastic drugs causing hemorrhagic cystitis? (MARCH
2017)
A. Cisplatin
B. Methotrexate
C. Paclitaxel
D. Cyclophosphamide
E. Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is structurally related to what other glycoprotein hormones?
(MARCH 2017)
A. ADH, oxytocin and FSH
B. FSH, TSH and growth hormone
C. HCG, FSH and TSH
D. HCG, ADH and FSH
E. TSH, growth hormone and HCG
C hCG, FSH, TSH
Mechanism of action of ulipristal acetate ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Partial progesterone receptor blockage
B. Selective Estrogen receptor modulator
C. Prostaglandin analogue.
D. Selective progesterone receptor modulator
E. Oxytocin Antagonist
selective progesterone receptor modulator
Which one of the following is the termination of round ligament?(MAR 2017)
A. Labia minora
B. Labia majora
C. Deep Inguinal ring
D. Superficial Inguinal ring
E. Lateral vaginal wall
Labia majora
Ductus venosus is completely obliterated after birth to form what adult
structure?(MARCH 2017)
A. Ligamentum venosum
B. Ligamentum arteriosum
C. Ligamentum teres
D. Medial umbilical ligament
E. Median umbilical ligament
ligamentum venosum
A 60-year-old with erythematous erosive lichen planus on the vulva. What type of cancer
is linked to lichen planus?(MARCH 2017)
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Basal cell carcinoma
C. Merkel cell carcinoma
D. Malignant melanoma
E. Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell Ca
Which of the following organisms Colonize copper IUD? (MARCH 2017)
A. Lactobacillus.
B. Actinomyces species.
C. Mobilincus
D. Ureaplasma
E. Staphyllococcus aurues
Actinomyces
Bacterial vaginosis is diagnosed with depletion in numbers of which
organism?(MARCH 2017)
A. Lactobacillus
B. Mobiluncus
C. Gardnella vaginalis
D. Trichomonas vaginalis
E. Trepenoma pallidum.
Lactobacillus
The most common in Utero infection causing fetal anemia in the UK is (MARCH 2017)
A. Syphilis
B. Toxoplasmosis
C. Rubella
D. Parvovirus B19
E. Cytomegalovirus
Parvovirus B19
Which HPV causes Genital Warts? (MARCH 2017)
A. HPV 6 and 11
B. HPV 16 and 18
C. HPV 16 and 45
D. HPV 18 and 45
E. HPV 31 and 33
HPV 6 and 11
A Women with 150cm height and 90 kgs weight, What is her category of BMI?(MARCH
2017)
A. Normal
B. Overweight
C. Obesity Class I
D. Obesity Class II
E. Obesity Class III
Obesity Class III
Sheehan syndrome affects? (MARCH 2017)
A. Hypothalamus
B. Anterior pituitary
C. Posterior pituitary
D. Thyroid
E. Adrenal cortex
anterior pituitary
A woman is 8 weeks pregnant attends for genetic counseling as she worried about CF, her
sister has a child with cystic fibrosis. She is a carrier and her partner is Caucasian with a rate
of 1/25 What is the risk of the child having cystic fibrosis? (MARCH 2017)
A. 1%
B. 12.5%
C. 25%
D. 75%
E. 100%
1%
A 25-year-old woman presents with right-sided pelvic pain for more than one year. An
ultrasound scan is arranged which shows a 5 cm well-defined cystic lesion in the right adnexa
with mixed echoes. There is no fluid in the cul-de-sac with the following sonographic image:
(MARCH 2017)
What is the most likely diagnosis for the image of the adnexa?
A. Benign cystic teratoma
B. Endodermal sinus tumour
C. Endometrioma
D. Mucinous cystadenoma
E. Serous cystadenoma
Benign cystic teratoma
Regarding the following image what it is called ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Rapport luebering cycle
B. Cori's cycle
C. Citric acid cycle
D. Glycolysis
E. kreb's cycle
Cori's cycle
Which substance is indicated by letter 'X' in the diagram below?(MAR 2017)
A. Cholesterol
B. Testosterone
C. Dihydrotestosterone
D. Androstenedione
E. Aldosterone
androstenedione
A 33-year-old woman is admitted with surgical wound infection after emergency
caesarean section for suspected fetal compromise. Culture of the wound demonstrates
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). She has no known allergies. Which is
the most appropriate treatment?(MARCH 2017)A. Cephalosporins
B. Clindamycin + flucloxacillin
C. Vancomycin
D. Clindamycin and vancomycin
E. Piperacillin/tazobactam
Clindamycin and vancomycin
Post-delivery the registrar notes that baby's HR 150bpm, pink body and
blue extremities, Grimace, some flexion & friable cry. What is the apgar score? (MARCH
2017)
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. 10
6
What is affected in Horner syndrome? (MARCH 2017)
A. Loss of Motor supply
B. Excessive Sympathetic stimulation
C. Excessive Parasympathetic stimulation
D. Loss of Parasympathetic supply
E. Loss of Sympathetic supply
loss of sympathetic supply
A 30 years old women who regularly takes insulin for diabetes. Presents
with lethargy and loss of weight , TSH is low & Total T3 high ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Graves' disease
B. Hashimotos thoiditis
C. Toxic nodule
D. Ketoacidosis
E. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroid
What is the most common cause of cushing's syndrome? (MARCH 2017)
A. Pituitary adenomaB. Adrenal adenomaC. Adrenal carcinoma
D. Adrenal hyperplasiaE. Iatrogenic Steroid Administration
iatrogenic steroids
Glucocorticoids are secreted from which region of the adrenal gland?(MARCH 2017)
A. Adrenal capsule
B. Zona reticularis
C. Zona glomerulosa
D. Zona fasciculata
E. Adrenal medulla
zona fasciculata
Which cells produce mullerian-inhibiting substance in fetal testis? (MARCH 2017)
A. Interstitial cells of leydig
B. Interstitial macrophages
C. Sertoli cells
D. Theca cells
E. Granulosa cells
Sertoli cells
Which enzyme found in red blood cells which buffers blood CO2?
A. Cytochrome-b5 reductase
B. 5-nucleotidase
C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
D. Carbonic anhydrase
E. Pyruvate kinase
carbonic anhydrase
urogram shows:
A.Stress incontinence.
B. Urge incontinence
C. Detrusor muscle instability
D. Detrusor muscle overactivity
E. Urinary tract infection .
detrusor overactivity
A town with a total number of live birth is 250,000, and maternal death is 750, number of
stillbirth is 250, what is the Maternal mortality ratio? (MARCH 2017)
a. 300
b. 600
c. 900
d. 200
e. 750
300 (it's per 100,000)
A women 40 week induced by dinoprostone pessary 20 minutes later and the pessary is
removed . Regarding the following CTG , what is the most appropriate management ?
(MARCH 2017)
A. Give terbutuline 20 mg tocolytic.
B. Category 1 CS.
C. Category 2 CS.
D. Reassure and observe
E. Perform fetal blood sampling.
reassure and observe
In a town with 20,000 live birth, calculate perinatal mortality ? (MARCH 2017)
Weeks Prenatally Postnatally
20w 20
21w 10
22w 40
23w 10
24w 20
25w 20
26-30w 10
31-35w 20
35-42w 10
1st week after birth 50
A. 9/1000
B. 180/24000
C. 160/20000
D. 210/20000
E. 240/20000
9/1000 (after 22 weeks and in first week after), per 1000
What is the anatomical space of External uretheral sphincter? (MARCH 2017)
A. Superficial perineal pouch.
B. Deep perineal pouch.
C. Ischiorectal fossa.
D. Superficial inguinal space.
E. Deep inguinal space
deep perineal pouch
A Women after delivery found to be in lithotomy position for 2 hours , now she develop
drop foot , what nerve most likely to be the cause ?(MARCH 2017)
A. Tibial nerve.
B. Femoral nerve.
C. Sciatic nerve.
D. Common peroneal nerve.
E. Lateral cutaneous nerve
common peroneal nerve
The Progesterone receptor is example of which type of receptor ?
A. Guanylate cyclase receptor
B. Nuclear transcription factor
C. Tyrosine kinase nuclear receptor
D. Ligand-gated ion channel in the cell membrane
E. G protein coupled receptor on the Golgi complex
nuclear transcription factor
A 67-year-old woman attends for a preoperative assessment. She has been taking
bendroflumethiazide for several years for hypertension. Her ECG shows:
What is the most likely electrolyte imbalance? (MARCH 2017)
A. Hypercalcaemia
B. Hyperkalaemia
C. Hypernatraemia
D. Hypokalaemia
E. Hyponatraemia
hypokalaemia
Which of the following drugs cause Kernictrus ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Penicillin
B. Gentamycin
C. Sulphonamides
D. Methotrexate.
E. Erythromycin
sulphonamides
Regarding cell cycle , when does chromatids divides and seperates to opposite poles ?
A. Prophase.
B. Metaphase.
C. Anaphase.
D. Telophase.
E. Interphase.
Anaphase
A Couple with primary subfertility , who have been trying to conceive for over 12 months
, attends a reproductive medicine clinic , the male partner has already give a semen sample
for analysis which return back showing : 32 million spermatozoa , morphology >5 , vitality
>5% , live spermatozoa 63% , PH 7.2 , What is the correct interpretation of this result ?
(MARCH 2017)
A. Normal semen analysis
B. Azoospermia
C. Oligospermia
D. Asthenospermia
E. PH indicate infection.
Normal
Regarding Insulin, it gets activated by removing ? (MARCH 2017)
A. A-peptide
B. B-peptide
C. C-peptide
D. D-peptide
E. E-peptide
...
What represent the 2 axis of ROC curve ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Senstivity Vs 1/specificity
B. Sensitivity Vs 1-Specificity
C. Senstivity Vs specifity
D. 1-Senstivity Vs 1-Specificity
E. 1/Senstivity Vs 1/Specificity
B. Sensitivity Vs 1-Specificity
What hormone secreted by placenta leading to fetal diuresis ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Relaxin.
B. Estriol
C. Oxytocin
D. Vasopressinase.
E. Inhibin
D. Vasopressinase.
What is the blood supply of Foregut ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Celiac trunk.
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric artery
D. Abdominal aorta
E. Internal iliac artery
celiac trunk
Regarding Standard error of mean [ SEM ] how it is calculated ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Square root SD / n
B. SD / n
C. SD / Square root n
D. SD x square root n
E. SD - Square root n
C. SD / Square root n
A 55 year old presents to clinic due to vulval itch and discolouration. examination reveals
pale white discoloured areas to the vulva. A biopsy shows epidermal atrophy with
subepidermal hyalinization and deeper inflammatory infiltrate. What is this characteristic of?
(MARCH 2017)
A. Lichen Simplex Chronicus
B. Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
C. Vitiligo
D. Extramammary Pagets
E. Lichen Sclerosus
Lichen Sclerosus
A Pregnant lady 11 week , presented by UTI , what the best course of action ? (MARCH
2017)
A. Penicillin.
B. Gentamycin
C. Doxycyline
D. Nitrofurnatoin.
E. Trimethoprim
nitrofurantoin
What is the Action of mRNA ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Transfer
D. DNA synthesis
E. Reverse transcription
transcription
From Which structure inhibin is produced ? (MARCH 2017)
A. Theca cells
B. Granulosa cells.
C. Cumulus oophorus
D. Corpus leutem
E. Lydig cells
granulosa cells
At what level ovarian artery arise ?(SEPT 2016)
A. L1
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4
E. L5
L2
Which of the following muscles leaves the lesser pelvis through the greater sciatic
foramen?(SEPT 2016)
A. pubococcygeus
B. Iliococcygeus
C. Puborectalis
D. Piriformis
E. Coccygeus
Piriformis
To reduce postoperative pain after caesarean section, an obstetrician performs ilioinginal-
iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) on his 25-year-old patient. What is the nerve root of
ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve?(SEPT 2016)
A. T12
B. T12 and L1
C. L1
D. L2
E. L1 and L2
L1
Following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for Stage I carcinoma of
the cervix, 63-year-old woman reports weakness of hip adduction. Which nerve most likely
to have been injured during the operation? (SEPT 2016)
A. Obturator nerve
B. Femoral nerve
C. Inferior gluteal nerve
D. Superior gluteal nerve
E. Sciatic nerve
Obturator nerve
What is the level of dermatome for epidural at umblical region ? (SEPT 2016)
A. L1
B. T12
C. T10
D. L3
E. L4
T10
What is the anatomical location of Bartholin's gland? (SEPT 2016)
A. Deep perineal pouch
B. Ischiorectal fossa
C. Pudendal canal
D. Superficial perineal pouch
E. Urogenital diaphragm
Superficial perineal pouch
What do the bottom and top represent on the box-and-whisker plot? (SEPT 2016)
A. Mean and mode
B. Mean and median
C. Standard deviation and mean
D. Least and greatest value
E. Lower and upper quartile
lower and upper quartile
Calculate the odds of asymmetrical IUGR and symmetrical IUGR for Apgar < 7
(SEPT 2016)
Assymetrical. Symmetrical
Apgar < 7. 1 1
Apgar > 7 1 4
A. 4
B. 2.5
C. 16
D. 1.5
E. 1
1
Which hormone prevent regression of corpus luteum? (SEPT 2016)
A. HCG
B. Progesterone
C. Estrogen
D. HPL
E. FSH
HCG
Hormone that regulates apetite and is important in obesity? (SEPT 2016)
A. Leptin
B. Relaxin
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
leptin
In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place? (SEPT 2016)
A. Cytosol
B. Mitochondrial matrix
C. Mitochondrial cristae
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
cytosol
A 14-year-old girl is treated with radiotherapy. Which of following tissues is most
radioresistant?(SEPT 2016)
A. Intestinal epithelium
B. Cerebral nuerons
C. Respiratory epithelium
D. Bone marrow
E. Skin
neurons
Two months postoperatively, a 55-year-old woman who is being treated with
a diagnosis of small lung cancer presents with excessive polyuria and depression and urine
showed red cells +++ what is the electrolyte imbalance? (SEPT 2016)
A. Hypernetremia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypokalemia
E. Hypercalcemia
hyperCa2+
Which pattern of endometrium do simple endometrial hyperplasia most likely resemble?
(SEPT 2016)
A. Proliferative endometrium
B. Secretory endometrium
C. Endometritis
D. Endometrial polyp
E. Endometrial carcinoma
proliferative endometrium
Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is
expressed only in extravillous trophoblast?(MARCH 2016)
A. HLA-A
B. HLA-B
C. HLA-C
D. HLA-F
E. HLA-G
hla-g
Botulinum toxin is now used to treat neurogenic bladder because of its ability to
(MARCH 2016)
A. Inhibit the release of acetylcholine
B. Block storage of acetylcholine
C. Inhibit acetylcholine ACH synthesis
D. Block bladder nicotinic receptors
E. Block bladder muscarinic receptors
Inhibit the release of acetylcholine
What is the embryonic origin of the trigone of urinary bladder? (MARCH 2016)
A. Mesonephric duct
B. Paramesonephric duct
C. Ureteric bud
D. Urogenital sinus
E. Caudal of cloaca
mesonephric ducts
In the development of the oocyte, when does the second meiotic division occur?
(MARCH 2016)
A. At birth
B. When sperm penetrates the zone pellucida
C. At Ovulation
D. When sperm enters the tube
E. Before the sperm enters the zone pellucida
when sperm penetrates ZP
A 28-year-old woman has undergone emergency hysterectomy due to obstetric
haemorrhage during her 3rd pregnancy. The previous pregnancies were both term C-section
deliveries. Examination of the uterus shows the placenta has not invaded the myometrium.
What is the most likely diagnosis? (MARCH 2016)
A. Placenta praevia
B. Placenta accreta
C. Placenta increta
D. Invasive mole
E. Placenta percreta
placenta accreta
The rate of growth hormone secretion follows a circardian rhythm. When is the highest
peak of growth hormone release?(MARCH 2016)
A. Early morning
B. After exercise
C. Afternoon
D. Early sleep
E. Deep sleep
deep sleep
The most biologically active form of vitamin D is (MARCH 2016)
A. Calcidiol
B. Ergosterol
C.7-dehydrocholesterol
D. 1, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
E. 24, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
1, 25-dihydroxy
Which muscles form the pelvic diaphragm? (MARCH 2016)
A. Levator ani and coccygeus
B. Levator ani and piriformis
C. Obturator internus and coccygeus
D. Obturator internus and levator ani
E. Obturator internus and piriformis
levator ani and coccygeus
You are carrying out analysis of a new test for DVTs and decide to plot a receiver operating
characteristic curve. What are the axes of the curve?(MARCH 2016)
A. Sensitivity versus Specificity
B. Specificity versus Sensitivity
C. Positive Predictive Value versus Negative Predictive Value
D. Sensitivity versus (1-Specificty)
E. (1-Sensitivity) versus Specificity
sensitivity vs (1-specificity)
A 23-year-old woman who is six weeks by dates is referred to EPU with vaginal
spotting, which continuous today. Ultrasound shows a fetal pole with a CRL of 4 mm. There
is no fetal heart action noted. The ovaries and adnexa appear normal. What is the most likely
diagnosis?(MARCH 2016)
A. Heterotopic pregnancy
B. Viable intrauterine pregnancy
C. Could be a viable pregnancy
D. Non viable pregnancy
E. Threatened miscarriage
could be viable
A publication reports the outcome of a new therapy in a placebo controlled primary
prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). 200 patients were randomised to receive the
new therapy and 200 allocated to placebo. The study was completed over a 2 year period. In
the placebo group there were 20 have venous thromboembolism and in the group treated with
the new therapy there were 10 have venous thromboembolism. What is the number needed to
treat to prevent one VTE over the course of this study? (MARCH 2016)
A. 2
B. 4
C. 10
D. 20
E. 40
20 (divide 1 by the absolute risk increase/decrease)
A 23-year-old woman attends the antenatal clinic in her first pregnancy. Booking bloods
reveal her Blood group O and her rhesus status to be cde/cde; her long-standing partner is
also tested at her request and his blood group A with rhesus status CDe/CDe. What is the
expected blood group of her fetus? (SEPT 2015)
A. A positive
B. A negative
C. O positive
D. O negative
E. AB positive
A positive (D is dominant, means +)
A 32-year-old female presents with a two month history of breathlessness, tachycardia
and menstrual irregularity. Her Investigations revealed: (SEPT 2015)SerumhCG negative
Serum T4 178 mmol/l
Serum TSH0.05 mU/LProlactin400 mmol/l
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Primary hypothyroidism
B. Graves' disease
C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D. Multi-nodular goitre
E. DeQuervain's thyroiditis
graves
The probability of sarcomatous change occurring in fibroid is (MARCH 2015)
A. 0.1%
B. 1%
C. 5%
D. 10%
E. 15%
0.1%
What part of the embryo is the origin of primordial germ cells? (MARCH 2015)
A. Gonadal ridge
B. Yolk sac endothelium
C. Coelomic epithelum
D. Extraembryonic mesoderm
E. Primitive sex cord
yolk sac
The greater omentum is derived from which of the following embryonic structures?
(MARCH 2015)
A. Dorsal mesoduodenum
B. Dorsal mesogastrium
C. Pericardioperitoneal canal
D. Pleuropericardial membranes
E. Ventral mesentery
dorsal mesogastrium
The following is a normal spirometry of a preoperative woman. (MARCH 2015)
Which lung volume is indicated by the arrows on the spirometry tracing?
A. Residual volume
B. Expiratory reserve volume
C. Inspiratory reserve volume
D. Tidal volume
E. Vital capacity
residual volume
What electrolyte imbalance can cause paralytic ileus? (MARCH 2015)
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hyponatermia
E. Hypokalemia
hypokalemia
Vasopressin act on increasing water re-absorption at (2014)
a. Proximal tubule
b. Loop of henle
C. Distal convoluted tubules
D. collecting duct
collecting duct
Placement of cup during ventose delivery when the neck is flexed (NEW)
A. Sagittal
B. Coronal
C. Temporal
D. Frontal
E. Lamdoid
sagittal
Schiller Duval Bodies is found in(NEW)
A. choriocarcinoma
B. endodermal sinus tumor
C. dysgerminoma
D. teratoma
E. Gonadoblastoma
endodermal sinus tumour (aka yolk sac)
No of carbons in Estrogen? (NEW-previous ask about Androgen)
A. 18
B. 19
C. 20
D. 21
E. 22
18
Pregnancy related nausea and vomiting uses PUQE index. What is the Maximum score?
(NEW)
A. 5
B.11
C.15
D.20
15
second line drug in hyperemesis:
A - chlorpromazine, ondansetron, prochlorperazine
B - metoclopramide, prochlorperazine
C - metochlo, chlopro, ondans
D - chlorpro, ondans, prochlor
E - meto, ondans, prochlor
E
Most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age group(NEW)
A. Diabetes Mellitus
B. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
C. Premature Ovarian Failure
D. Hypothyroidism
E. Hyperprolactenimia
PCOS
Perineal Nerve Supply with diagram(NEW)
What is the nerve root?
A. S2,S3,S4
B. L3,L4
C. S3,S4
D. L1,L2
E. L4,L5
pudendal nerve S2, S3, S4
How much in the UK population has RH negative blood group?(NEW)
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20%
E. 25 %
15%
In Horseshoe Kidney what is the structure preventing the kidney to ascend from pelvis
to abdomen? (NEW)
a. superior mesenteric a.
b. inferior mesenteric a.
c. bifurcation of aorta
d. coeliac trunk
e. median sacral artery
inf mesenteric artery
Muscles found in the scrotum (NEW)
A. Tunica Albuginea
B. Dartos Ms.
C. Tunica Vaginalis
dartos
Angle of the vagina with the horizontal while standing(NEW)
A. 45
B. 60
C. 70
D. 80
E. 90
60
Joint which resist horizontal rotation of the pelvis(NEW)
A. Sacroiliac
B. Sacrospinous
C. Ileolumbar
D. Sacrotuberous
ileolumbar
Two Most common dermatitis in pregnancy(NEW)
A. Atopic Dermatitis + Polymorphic (PUPP)
B. Pustulae + Cholestasis
C. Pemphigoid + Choletatis
D. Polymorphic (PUPP) + Pemphigoid
E. Polymorphic (PUPP) + Obstetric Cholestasis
PUPP and obstetric cholestasis
Most common protozoan causes zoonotic infection(cerebral calcification, retinitis)
(NEW)
A. Chlamydia
B. Plasmodium
C. Toxoplasma
D. Trichomonas
E. Gardia lambia
toxoplasma
Paroxetine is teratogenic to which organ(NEW)
A.CVS
B. CNS
C. Craniofacial
D. Limb
E. Kidneys
CVS
Which electrolyte is involved in central pontine mylenosis due to fluid overload?
(NEW)
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C Calcium
D. Magnesium
E. Chloride
Na+
Vitamin E toxicity (NEW)
a. dementia,
b. hemorrhage..
c. renal failure,
d. cardiomyopathy,
e. lung fibrosis
haemorrhage
Homologue of round ligament in males
A. Vas deferens
B. Gubernaculum
C. Rete testis
gubernaculum
Origin of obturator artery
A. Internal Iliac a.
B. External Iliac a.
C. Common Iliac a
D. Deep circumflex iliac a.
E. Femoral a.
internal iliac
At Term G2 wearing seat belt has car accident she has abdominal pain and consults you
for anti D
1) she doesn't need
2) anti D 250iu
3) anti D 500iu
4) anti D 1500 iu
5) perform kleihauer test
500 units
Dalteparin a Low molecular wt heparin is measured using?
A. APTT
B. PT-INR
C. AntiFactor Xa activity
antifactor Xa
Congenital conjunctivitis organism. Purulent discharge 36 hours after birth
A. Chlamydia trachomatis
B. Neisseria gonorrgea
c trachomatis
Piezoelectric used in
A. MRI
B. PET
C. U/S
D. XRAY
E. CT Scan
US
Transformation Zone
A. Glandular to squamous metaplasia
B. Glandular to squamous dysplasia
C. Squamous to glandular dysplasia
D. Squamous to glandular metaplasia
squamous to glandular
Alternate complement pathway initiation
A. Microorganism
B. C3b
C. Protein
D. Cell death
c3b
Prostaglandin is
A. Autocrine
B. Paracrine
C. Endocrine
D. Eccrine
E. Exocrine
paracrine
Infertility case, Male 190 cm wt 60 kg, testicular volume 5 ml. What is the possible
karyotype
A. 46xy
B. 46xxy
C. 46xx
D. 46xyy
46 xxy
Target Hgb with oral and IV iron
A. 0.8g/dl/ml
B. 1.2 g/dl/ml
C. 1.5g/dl/ml
0.8g/dl/ml
18 y/o non penetrative intercourse, + painful ulcers in the vagina
A. Primary HSV genitalia
B. Behchet's disease
C. Aphthous ulcer
bechcets
Incomplete early miscarriage, bleeding PV, refuse surgical intervention.
A. Misoprostol
B. Carboprost
C. Mifepristone
D. Ergometrine
ergometrine
HSG is done on what day of cycle
A. 1-5
B. 6-12
C. 13-21
D. 22-28
E. 28-32
6-12
In ECG, T wave represents
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. Atrial repolarization
ventricular repolarization
Herpes simplex is what type of virus
A. DsDNA
B. SsDNA
C. DsRNA
D. SsRNA
E. Retrovirus
dsdna
First trimester pregnancy with simple ovarian cyst measuring 5x5cm
A. Wait no follow up
B. Follow up at anomaly scan for size
C. First trimester surgery
D. CS + cystectomy
E. Remove immediately
wait, no follow up
Abnormal LFTs, HbsAg -ve, HbeAg -ve, HbeAb +ve, HbsAb 3miu/hr,HbcAb +ve
A. Chronic infection ( high infectivity)
B. Chronic infection ( low infectivity)
C. Post vaccination
D. Immune to Viral Infection
E. Acute infection
chronic inf, low infectivity
25 y/o first papsmear , low grade dyskaryosis, next step?
A. Colposcopy
B. Repeat after 6 months
C. HPV testing
repeat 6 mo
Cauterization of large area with appearance of smoke
A. Carbonization
B. Fulguration
C. Vaporization
D. Coagulation
E. Desiccation
fulguration
Pregnancy rate with COCP if perfectly compliant and non perfectly compliant
A. 0.05 2-4
B. 0.1 5-6
C. 0.3 10-15
0.1 5-6
VTE with COCP
2 to 6/10,000
INH Metabolism is by
A. Acetylation
B. Oxidation
C. Reduction
D. Conjugation
E. Sulfonization
acetylation
Muscles of internal sphincter derived from?
A. Longitudinal Muscle
B. Circular Muscle
C. Lavatory Ani
D. External anal sphincter
circular muscle
Cardiac output after delivery
A. <20%
B. 20-40%
C. 40-60%
D. 60-80%
E. > 80%
60-80%
Where does the inferior rectal vein drain?
A. superior mesentric vein
B. superior rectal vein
C. External pudendal vein
D. middle rectal vein
E. Internal pudendal vein
internal pudendal v
IUD+ Pregnancy. What is the risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
A. 1/10
B. 1/50
C. 1/20
D. 1/5
E. 1/100
1/20
Patient post abortion - haemoptysis, SOB. WHich tumour marker elevated:
A - AFP
B - CEA
C - HCG
D - LDH
E - Ca125
HCG (cannonball mets related to both choriocarcinoma and renal cell ca)
Female presented to ED with RIF pain, US - collection of fluid. LMP 1 week ago
A - ovarian cyst
B - haemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst
C - endometrioma
D - ovarian cancer
E - dermoid
endometrioma
Primary Mechanism of shunting blood away from the pulmonary circulation
A. Foramen Ovale
B. Ductus Arteriosus
C. Ductus Venosos
foramen ovale
Rate of miscarriage in couples with balanced translocation?
2-5%
What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
A. Parathyroid adenoma
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Sarcoidosis
D. Chronic renal failure
E. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
CKD
Gonadal artery level
L2
What type of cervical lining outside transformation zone?
stratified squamous non-keratinized
Screening test with high negative predictive value for PPROM:
A - nitrazine test
b - salivary estriol test
C - fetal fibronectin
D - spinbarkeit test
E - cervical length
fetal fibronectin test
Amenorrhoea with TSH, FSH, LH high.
A - hypothyroid
B - hyperthyroid
C - PCOS
D - Addisons
E - premature ovarian failure
premature ovarian failure
During the inflammatory phase of wound healing what is the predominant cell type
found in the wound during the first 48 hours?
A. Macrophages
B. PMNs
C. Fibroblast
D. Lymphocytes
E. B-Cells
PMNs
Mechanism of amino acid transfer across the placenta:-
a. active transport
b. simple diffusion
c. facilitated diffusion
d. secondary active transport
e. bulk transfer
active transport
Glucose transported across the placenta thru?
A. Facilitated Diffusion
B. Active Transport
C. Passive Diffusion
D. Endocytosis
facilitated diffusion
Gonads are derived from which embryonic layer?
A. Endoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Intermediate Mesoderm
D. Splanchnic Mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
Which of the following is true for a patient whose pre-transfusion blood type is group
O?(Please select 1 option)
A. + AB antigen -ve antibodies
B. + A antigen +ve B antibodies
C. + B antigen -ve A antibodies
D. - AB antigen +ve Anti A and Anti B antibodies
E. + AB antigen and +ve AB antibodies
- AB antigen +ve Anti A and Anti B antibodies
Which immunoglobulin is a key to passive neonatal immunity?
A. IgD
B. IgE
C. IgM
D. IgA
E. IgG
IgG
50 yrs old female had hysterectomy 2 hrs ago. The nurse noticed that urine output was
35 ml/hr in the past 2 hours. What is the normal rate of urine output per hour?
A. 0.25ml/kg/hr
B. 0.5ml/kg/hr
C. 1ml/kg/hr
D. 1.5ml/kg/hr
E. 2ml/kg/hr
0.5/ml/kg
Tetanus toxoid vaccine
A. Toxoided protein
B. Live attenuated
C. Subunit
D. Conjugated
toxoided protein
Precursor of testosterone in theca cell
A. Androstenedione
B. DHT
C. Estriol
D. Estradiol
E. Cholesterol
androstenedione
which clotting factors are unchanged in pregnancy
A - VII
B - XI, XIII
C - II, V, IX
D - VII, VIII, X, XI
E - VII, VIII, X, XI, XIII
XI, XIII
which cells secrete calcitonin
parafollicular C cells
what type of cell is an NK cell?
A - monocytes
B - lymphocytes
C - granulocyte
D - eosinophil
lymphocytes
80 y/o no subjective complaints came in for pessary change then with profuse vaginal
discharge. Culture result moderate beta hemolytic streptococcus with coliform and anaerobic
bacteria .
A. No treatment
B. Clindamycin suppository
C. Metronidazole + Clindamycin p.o. X 7 days
C
Thromboprophylaxis on patient with hyperemesis
A. Until discharge
B. All throughout antenatal period
C. Up to first trimester only
D. 3 days after commencement
until discharge
Vertical transmission of HIV infection mostly occurs
A. In the first trimester
B. In the second trimester
C. In the third trimester
D. During labor and delivery
E. In the neonatal period through breastfeeding
during labour and delivery
Primary amenorrhea with absent uterus, vagina ends in a blind pouch, normal breasts
and scant pubic hair is seen in:
A. Klinefelter Syndrome
B. Mayer Rokitanski Kusher Hauser Syndrome
C. Turner's Syndrome
D. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
E. Noonan Syndrome
B - MRKH
Why ramifentanyl used in patient controlled analgesia?
ANSWER: Short acting easily metabolized by serum esterase
Patient Hypertensive, Gravida 2 in labor 4cm dilated, membranes ruptured
spontaneously clear liquor, CTG showed Baseline FHR 120-130 bpm, good beat to beat
variability, no acceleration, no deceleration. She was on Oxytocin. After 2 hours, Baseline
FHR 120 bpm, Variability < 5bpm, No acceleration, No deceleration. Next management?
A. Category 1 CS
B. Category 2 CS
C. FBS
D. Wait for 1/2 hours
FBS
Diagonal conjugate is the only diameter that can be measured clinically. How is it
measured ?
A. From upper border of symphysis pubis to sacral promontory.
B. From Lower border of Symphsis pubis to sacral promontory.
C. From the back of symphsis pubis to tip of coccyx.
D. From Sacroiliac joint to opposite iliopectineal line.
E. It is the distance between ischial tuboristies.
From Lower border of Symphsis pubis to sacral promontory.
During which phase DNA synthesis and chromosome duplication take place
A. S phase
B. G1
C. G2
D. G0
E. Mitosis
S phase
Endometrial tissue found within the myometrium is
A. Endometriosis
B. Fibroid
C. Myoma
D. Adenomyosis
E. Leiomyoma
adenomyosis
Which of the following laboratory techniques is used for RNA analysis?
A. Northern blotting
B. Southern blotting
C. Southwestern blotting
D. Western blotting
E. Eastern blotting
Northern blotting
How does IgG pass through placenta?
- active transport
- passive
- phagocytic
- diffusion
- pinocytosis
pinocytosis
what receptor does zofran (ondansetron) act on?
-serotonin
-histamine
-muscarinic
-serotonin 5HT3
what is chemical nature of heparin?
glycoprotein
polypeptide
polysaccharide
protein
polysaccharide
why can't oxytocin be given orally?
- restricted by gastric juices
- metabolised by liver enzymes
- causes very powerful contractions
- will be delayed in action
restricted by gastric juices
case scenario ovarian cyst 4x4cm - management
reassure and discharge
Aetiology of Hirschprung's
-abnormality in circular muscles
-abnormality in longitudinal muscle
- abnormality in parasympathetic ganglia
- abnormality in sympathetic ganglia
- abnormality in parasympathetic ganglia
most common cancer in pregnancy and postpartum?
-Breast Ca
-Cervical Ca
-Ovarian Ca
-Breast Ca
IgM pentamer connected by:
J chain
L chain
Mu chain
Lambda chain
J chain
level of common iliac arteries
L4
what level is ovarian pain felt at
T10
Major intracellular cation
Potassium
Where is glucose reabsorbed?
proximal convoluted tubule
What type of virus is Zika virus?
ssRNA
what vitamin deficiency causes pellagra
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
What type of epithelium in Fallopian tubes? x2
simple columnar
what nerve supplies piriformis
nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)
Coumadin acts against which vitamin
Vitamin K
Which structure differentiates superficial perineal pouch from deep?
perineal membrane
Bartholin's glands occupy which space?
superficial perineal pouch
Finasteride acts on
5a reductase
fetal head is engaged when biparietal diameter passes through which AP diameter measuring?
11cm
The urea cycle takes place in:
both cytosol and mitochondria
Where is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II?
lung
What type of cells are the clue cells of bacterial vaginosis?
vaginal epithelial cells
treatment of listeria?
Ampicillin
What is a chromosome with centrosome towards one side called?
acrocentric
what carcinoma is associated with endometriosis?
clear cell carcinoma
most common form of degeneration in fibroid?
hyaline degeneration
Most common bacteria in endometritis?
group B strep
Which has highest radiation exposure?
- Hysterocontrast salpingography
-hysterosalpingogram
-Lap and dye
Hysterocontrastsalpingography
Where is vasopressin produced?
supra ventricular and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
2nd most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
11b hydroxylase deficiency (most common is 21-hydroxylase def)
Skeletal development (except skull) - from:
A - endoderm
B - exoderm
C - neural crest
D - neural tube
E - paraxial mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm
How many mL in Insensible loss?
850ml Unnoticeable fluid loss via skin and lungs
Skin - 350-400 mL/day
Lungs - 350-400 mL/day
Embryonic origin of paramesonephric duct (Mullerian)
mesoderm
Deficiency of what vitamin causes pellagra
Niacin (B3)
Woman with urgency/urge incontinence - first line tx?
antimuscarinic
what type of epithelium on endo cervix?
columnar
Wernicke's encephalopathy caused by what vitamin deficiency?
thiamine (B1)
What type of molecule is GnRH?
decapeptide
content of lesser sciatic foramen
tendon of obturator internus, internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, nerve to obt. internus
CXR is equal to how many days background radiation?
2.4 days (4 months - CT abdo)
Gonadal artery is a branch of
aorta (level L2)
umbilical artery is a branch of
internal iliac (anterior branch)
sensitivity/1-specificity is:
positive likelihood ratio
iodine transport in thyroid cell symport with:
sodium
most important role of vitamin C?
cartilage - growth and repair of tissues
Deep circumflex artery is a branch of?
external iliac artery
structure differentiating external iliac from femoral artery
inguinal ligament
which structure differentiates superficial perineal pouch from deep?
perineal membrane
Bartholin's glands lie in?
superficial perineal pouch
vestibule lies between?
two labia minora
Finasteride acts on what enzyme?
5a-reductase
Fetal head is engaged when it passes through AP diameter measuring?
11cm
the reversal of a chromosome segment
inversion
Hydrogen containing buffer in urine?
phosphate
ammonia synthesised by what enzyme?
glutamine synthetase
where is angiotensin 1 converted to angiotensin 2
lung
what organ does lithium affect (teratogenicity)
heart
what nerve is affected by aminoglycosides (teratogenicity)
CNVIII (vestibulocochlear)
what is affected by tetracyclines (teratogenicity)
teeth
what HPV can cause high grade neoplasia even after cervarix or gardasil vaccination?
33 (gardasil - 16, 18, 6 and 11)
what type of ovarian carcinoma associated with endometriosis
clear cell ovarian carcinoma, endometrioid ovarian Ca
which organelle have cristae present?
mitochondria
liver and biliary system are differentiated by invagination of what structure?
septum transversum
magnetic field value in MRI (Tesla)
0.5-3T
Which hormone is structurally similar to GH?
hPL and PRL
which hormone is structurally similar to FSH?
LH, HCG, TSH
meaning of t score and z score?
t score - compared to young adult, z-score - own age. T score <-2.5 is osteopororis, >-1 is normal
which HLA is not in extravillous trophoblast?
Neither HLA A or B
nerve from medial border of psoas muscle
obturator nerve
lateral border of ischiorectal fossa?
obturator fascia
What is the MOA of letrozole?
aromatase inhibitor
enzyme present in granulosa cells but not theca cells?
aromatase
antiemetic associated with involuntary movements?
metoclopramide
androgens are secreted by what cell in testes under influence of LH?
leydig cell (lad, testosterone)
what enzyme is used as marker of ovarian reserve?
anti-Mullerian hormone
what % of thyroid hormone is free t4?
0.1%
sympathetic innervation of bladder via? parasympathetic via?
hypogastric nerve T12-L2. Pelvic nerve S2-4
thromboxane A2 is produced by
platelets
intense vasospasm before menstruation is due to
PGf2 alpha
coronal suture is between which two bones
frontal and parietal
what type of cyst secretes a high level of bHCG?
theca lutein cyst
tumour marker in dysgerminoma
LDH
what % of data is encompassed by 1 standard deviation?
68%
What is the Haldane effect?
Deoxygenated blood can carry increasing amounts of carbon dioxide, whereas oxygenated blood has a reduced carbon dioxide capacity.
Main side effect of POP?
erratic bleeding
cell free fetal DNA source?
placental trophoblast
DMPA mechanism of action (depo provera)
artificial progestogen , inhibits ovulation
which IV fluid should be avoided in hyperemesis gravidarum?
5% dextrose - theoretical risk of precipitating wernicke's
Which layer of endometrium is destroyed in endometrial ablation for menorrhagia?
basalis layer
what virus causes molluscum contagiosum?
poxvirus
caput medusae results from embryological remnant of?
umbilical vein
what term is used to describe methotrexate:
antimetabolite
plant alkaloid
intercalating agent
chain cutting agent
antimetabolite
moa of labetalol
alpha and beta antagonist (selective a1, nonselective b)
benign tumour histology showing spindle cells
fibroma
what phase of cell cycle precedes mitosis?
G2
what is a psammoma body composed of?
Ca2+
what type of genital mutation after clitorectomy?
type 1
what % of Brenner tumours of ovary are malignant?
5%
below arcuate line - after cutting through rectus sheath you will encounter?
transversalis fascia
when to perform hysterosalpingography in woman with normal cycle?
day 6-12 (reduces chances of person being pregnant)
decrease in amplitude of US due to absorption/scattering reflection is called
attenuation
The appendiceal artery is a branch of which vessel?
ileocolic artery
most common cause of female urethral caruncle?
hypooestrogenism
MOA of mirabegron
beta 3 agonist
Cause of chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
daughter of mother treated with DES in pregnancy - risk of
clear cell ca vagina
cyclophosphamide significant SE?
haemorrhagic cystitis
MoA ullipristal A. Partial progesterone receptor blockage
B. Selective Estrogen receptor modulator
C. Prostaglandin analogue.
D. Selective progesterone receptor modulator
E. Oxytocin Antagonist
D
Clomiphene MoA
A. Androgenic steroid
B. Estrogenic steroid
C. Progestogenic steroid
D. Gonadotropin analogue
E. Selective estrogen receptor modulator
E SERM
Ductus venosus is completely obliterated after birth to form what adult structure?
A. Ligamentum venosum
B. Ligamentum arteriosum
C. Ligamentum teres
D. Medial umbilical ligament
E. Median umbilical ligament
c ligamentum venosum
ligamentum arteriosus is completely obliterated after birth to form what adult structure?
A. truncus arteriosus
B.4th aortic arch
C. 6th aortic arch
D. dorsal aorta
dorsal aorta
A 60-year-old with erythematous erosive lichen planus on the vulva. What type of cancer is linked to
lichen planus?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Basal cell carcinoma
C. Merkel cell carcinoma
D. Malignant melanoma
E. Adenocarcinoma
A - SqCC
Which of the following organisms Colonize copper IUD?
A. Lactobacillus.
B. Actinomyces
C. Mobil incus
D. Ureaplasma
E. Staphylococcus aureus
B actinomyces
The most common in Utero infection causing fetal anemia in the UK is
A. Syphilis
B. Toxoplasmosis
C. Rubella
D. Parvovirus B19
E. Cytomegalovirus
parvovirus
Which HPV causes Genital Warts? It was scenario on anogenital warts.
A. HPV 6 and 11
B. HPV 16 and 18
C. HPV 16 and 45
D. HPV 18 and 45
E. HPV 31 and 33
6 and 11
A Women with 150cm height and 90 kgs weight, What is her category of BMI? (40)
A. Normal
B. Overweight
C. Obesity Class I
D. Obesity Class II
E. Obesity Class III
Class III
A woman is 8 weeks pregnant attends for genetic counseling as she worried about CF, her sister has
a child with cystic fibrosis. She is a carrier and her partner is Caucasian with a rate of 1/25 What is the
risk of the child having cystic fibrosis? A. 1%B. 12.5%C. 25%D. 75%E. 100%
1%
Anatomic location of external anal sphincter?
deep perineal pouch
What is affected in Horner's syndrome?
absence of sympathetic supply
Post-delivery the registrar notes that baby's HR 150bpm, pink body and blue extremities, Grimace,
some flexion & friable cry. What is the apgar score?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10
6
What is the most common cause of active prolactin secreting tumor?
A. Adenoma B. Sarcoma C. carcinoma D. hyperplasia E. Iatrogenic Steroid Administration
adenoma
A town with a total number of live birth is 250,000, and maternal death is 750, number of stillbirth is
250, what is the Maternal mortality ratio?
a. 300 b. 600c. 900d. 200e. 750
300
A Women after delivery found to be in lithotomy position for 2 hours , now she develop drop foot and
loss of sensation. what nerve most likely to be the cause ?
A. Tibial nerve. B. Femoral nerve. C. Sciatic nerve. D. Common peroneal nerve
d common peroneal
The Progesterone receptor is example of which type of receptor ?
A. Guanylate cyclase receptor B. Nuclear transcription factor C. Tyrosine kinase nuclear receptor D.
Ligand-gated ion channel in the cell membrane E. G protein coupled receptor on the Golgi complex
B
Which of the following drugs cause Kernicterus ?
A. Penicillin B. Gentamycin C. Sulphonamide D. Methotrexate. E. Erythromycin
c
A Pregnant lady 11 week , presented by UTI , what the best course of action ?with urine cs report
showing enterococcus sensitive to nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim and resistant to cephalosporin.
Repeated urine c/s report is same.
A. give no treatment.
B. repeat urine c/s
C. cephalosporins
D. Nitrofurantoin.
E. Trimethoprim
D
What do the bottom and top represent on the box-and-whisker plot?
A. Mean and mode
B. Mean and median
C. Standard deviation and mean
D. Least and greatest value
E. Lower and upper quartile
D
Radiation could be transmitted or decay
SI unit of radiation is
A. becquerel
B. gray
C. rad
D. sievert
E. Hertz
c
A scenario on Botulinum toxin is now used to treat neurogenic bladder because of its ability to
A. Inhibit the release of acetylcholine
B. Block storage of acetylcholine
C. Inhibit acetylcholine ACH synthesis
D. Block bladder nicotinic receptors
E. Block bladder muscarinic receptors
A inhibits ACh release
What electrolyte imbalance can cause paralytic ileus?
A. bicarbonate
B. hydrogen
C. chloride
D. sodium
E. potassium
e - hypoK+
20 years old lady menarche since age of 12 years, complaining of heavy menstrual bleeding since
menarche. CBC done. Physical examination not remarkable. What to do next?
A. no any test to do
B. thyroid profile
C. serum ferritin
D. Clotting test
E. FSH
b
most common site of endometriosis
ovary
Arias-Stella phenomenon
exaggerated secretory phase that occurs in pregnancy - occurs in endometrium
postmenopausal bleeding with granulosa cell tumor of ovary effect on endometrium
A. Proliferative
B. Secretory
C. Atrophic
D. Inflammatory
A
most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
chronic kidney disease
Innate and adaptive system are linked together via
A. Leukotrienes
B. Cytokines
C. TNF
b?
TRH
A. tripeptide
B. Glycoprotein
C. Polysaccharide
tripeptide
delta cells of pancreas secrets
A. Somatostatin
B. glucagon
C. Insulin
D. Pancreatic polypeptide
E. Cholecystokinin
somatostatin
Electrolyte disturbance Conn's syndrome
metabolic alkalosis
What type of oestrogen secreted by placenta?
oestriol
When is HPl increased? 1st/2nd/3rd trimester/after delivery
after delivery
alpha subunit of LH similar to?
bHCG, TSH, FSH
Why is prolactin elevated in PCOS?
action of unopposed oestrogen
What molecule is cotransported with iodine?
sodium
OGTT: fasting 5.8, post 2hr 7.9
gestational diabetes
What prostaglandin is Carboprost (Hemabate)
prostaglandin F2 alpha oxytocic; Given to IM to produce sustained uterine contractions to control postpartum hemorrhage. Contraindicated in a patient who has asthma
transmission of DMD
X linked recessive
how many genes contained on mitochondrial DNA
37
what is embryological origin of allantois?
endoderm
what carbohydrate is found in breast milk?
lactose
which Ig is a dimer?
IgA
which Ig in mucosal immunity?
IgA
Nervirapine MOA?
nNRTI: binds RT and Blocks RNA and DNA dependent DNA polymerase
SE of misoprostol?
diarrhea and abdominal pain
what HPV causes VIN III?
HPV 16
How often should DMPA be given?
every 12 weeks (depo provera)
what % of fetal cardiac output goes to fetal kidneys?
2-3%
what % increase in CO at labour?
60-80%
When should anti-D be given?
28 - 34 weeks and 72 hours after delivery
what law should be followed in 15yo asking for contraception?
fraser law
A Gartner Duct Cyst is a remnant of the ___ duct system.
mesonephric
what type of necrosis in brain?
liquefactive
what is max score of PUQE?
15
HRT effects on thyroid function tests?
increases thyroid binding globulin
What is the name of the heat stable enzyme used in PCR?
taq polymerase
What organism produces exotoxins that cause TSS?
staph aureus
ratio of t4 to t3 in blood?
9-10:1
Fetal kidneys mature to form urine at?
12 weeks
PP can be confirmed at what gestational age? 24 weeks / 28 weeks /32 weeks
28 weeks
Which cell cycle precedes mitosis?
G2
monochorionic and diamniotic twin differentiation occurs at what stage?
morula
Appendix testis is a remnant of?
paramesonephric/ Mullerian duct
in PKU there is a deficiency of hydroxylase - catalyzes reaction converting phenylalanine to ?
tyrosine
Warfarin causes embryopathy at what gestational age?
6-9 weeks (up to 12)
What type of virus is Ebola?
single stranded RNA
What type of virus is covid?
ssRNA
Increase in caloric requirements after first trimester?
2nd trimester - 340cal, 3rd - 450cal
What muscle commonly cut in episiotomy?
bulbospongiosus
FFA are transported via?
albumin
blood supply of round ligament?
inferior epigastric A
hepatocytic haematopoiesis commences at what week?
6 weeks
Cause of azoospermia?
steroid overuse
first manoeuvre in shoulder dystocia?
McRoberts
day of ovulation if menstrual cycle 25 days?
11 day
what cell in ovary synthesizes inhibin
granulosa cells
what vitamin promotes hydroxylation in protein synthesis?
vitamin C
MoA of ratelgavir (HIV)
integrase inhibitor
risk of CMV transmission in 2nd trimester?
30-40%
Vincristine binds to?
microtubular proteins of mitotic spindle
at 3 weeks, wound tensile strength is at? 20/40/10/80?
20%
Action of glucose-6-phosphatase: production of ATP by aerobic metabolism/ATP by anaerobic/NADPH in RBCs
NADPH in RBC
malaria prophylaxis?
mefloquine
what is the most vascularized portion of a haemorrhagic cyst? theca/mural granulosa/cumulus oorphorus/basal lamina
mural granulosa
The region of placenta with fibrinoid deposition where trophoblasts meet the compact portion of the decidua basalis
nitabuch's layer
what level of bile acids can affect fetus?
40
Spinal Hypotension caused by
decrease in sympathetic outflow causing drop in SVR
filshie clips made of
titanium
Shoulder dystocia - brachial plexus injury in ? percent
2.3-16%
dinoprostone what progesterone
PGE2
when is HCG peak in pregnancy
8 to 12 weeks
what cells secrete mullerian inhibiting substance
sertoli
Cell salvage in CS after what % blood loss?
30%
incidence of leiomyoma to leiomyosarcoma
0.1%
Pyramidalis is supplied by what nerve?
subcostal nerve
platelets should be given once platelets drop below?
70
breast cancer lifetime risk?
13%
What % of UK population is rhesus negative
15%
Oxytocin,prostaglandin works through-
activation of phospholipase C
Pseudomonas on MacConkey agar
pink (lactose non-fermenter)
Chlamydia vertical transmission
direct contact
Metronidazole MOA
Forms free radical toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA. Bactericidal, antiprotozoal.
Clindamycin MOA
Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit
structure between pararectal and paravesical
uterine artery
TAP pierces through?
ext and int oblique
threshold fetal fibronectin
≥50 ng/mL
Recurrent implantation failure
HLA-G
sperm production per day
100million
where does arias stella reaction occur?
endometrium (benign change due to presence of chorionic tissue, looks like malig)
Robertsonian can occur in which chr
Acrosomic only - 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22.
skene's glands homologous to __ in male?
prostate
what % recurrent eclampsia?
15-20%
most common fallopian tube carcinoma?
serous papillary
rate of recurrence ectopic?
18.5%
Minor PPH defined as?
500-1000ml without shock
risk of T2DM following GDM>
40-60%
fluconazole/ketoconazole MoA
inhibits ergosterol synthesis
dose of radiation to breast tissue in CTPA?
20mGy per breast (0.1mGy to fetus)
lynch mutation
mismatch repair - MLH1, MSH - not methylation
IAS nerve supply
splanchnic nerves (S4)
half life of LH
20 mins
homocystinuria is due to poor metabolism of what vitamin?
B9 - folate
what antibiotic is C/I for tx of UTI in 3rd trimesteR?
nitrofurantoin
When is max level of progesterone?
at term
What % of T3 is unbound in plasma?
0.3-0.4%
type of Hb in HbF
a2gamma2
what % of those with congenital absence vas deferens have CF?
60-90%
most common uterine sarcoma?
leiomyosarcoma
FFA transport
passive diffusion
peptide transport/AA transport across placenta
active transport
what % of atypical hyperplasia become malignant?
25-50%
where are lymphocytes produced?
bone marrow
The closure of the neural tube occurs at
25 days
reason for hyperprolactinaemia in PCOS
relative excess of oestrogen
Other sets by this creator