Biotechnology Principles and Processes

__________________ deals with techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans,

Biotechnology

NCERT Page No. 193, Para 1

Show Answer
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 88
Terms in this set (88)
__________________ deals with techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans,

Biotechnology

NCERT Page No. 193, Para 1

Show Answer
f
Techniques to alter chemistry of genetic material in order to change the phenotype of host organism are a part of ____________ engineering.

genetic

NCERT Page No. 193, Para 3


4l
f
The two core techniques that enabled birth to modern biotechnology are:-

Genetic and bioprocess engineering

NCERT Page No. 193, Para 3

Show Answer
...
Maintenance of sterile environment in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of desired organisms in large quantities for manufacture of biotechnological products is called:-

Bioprocess engineering

NCERT Page No. 194, Para 1

Show Answer
...
The type of reproduction which permits variation is:-

sexual reproduction

NCERT Page No. 194, Para 2

Show Answer
...
The techniques of genetic engineering which include creation of _____________, ___________ and ____________, allows us to isolate and introduce only one or a set of desirable genes without introducing undesirable genes into the target organism.

Recombinant DNA, gene cloning, gene transfer

NCERT Page No. 194, Para 2

Show Answer

7/89



8527521718

support@neetprep.com
...
The process of making multiple identical copies of any template DNA is called:-

Cloning

NCERT Page No. 194, Para 3

Show Answer
...
The specific DNA sequence of chromosome responsible for initiating DNA replication is:-

Origin of replication

NCERT Page No. 194, Para 3
...
First recombinant DNA was constructed in 1972 by ______________ and _____________

Stanley Cohen; Herbert Boyer

NCERT Page No. 194, Para 4
...
An autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA of bacteria is called:-

Plasmid

NCERT Page No. 194, Para 4

Show Answer
...
First recombinant DNA was constructed by linking gene encoding antibiotic resistance with native plasmid of:- Salmonella typhimurium NCERT Page No. 194,Restriction enzymes are also known as:- Molecular scissors NCERT Page No. 195, Para 1 Show AnswerThe cutting of DNA at specific locations is done with the help of:- restriction enzymes NCERT Page No. 195, Para 1 Show AnswerBiotechnology Principles and Processes FC-15 In genetic engineering, plasmid DNA act as ________ to transfer the piece of DNA linked to it into host organism. vector NCERT Page No. 195, Para 1 Show Answer 15/89The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with the enzyme ______________ DNA ligase NCERT Page No. 195, Para 1 Show AnswerReplication of recombinant DNA in host is accomplished by using which enzyme of host? DNA polymerase NCERT Page No. 195, Para 1 Show AnswerKey tools of genetic engineering are:- Restriction enzymes, polymerases, ligase,vector and host organism NCERT Page No. 195, Para 2The first isolated restriction endonuclease was:- Hind II NCERT Page No. 195, Para 2The specific sequence recognised by restriction endonuclease to cut the DNA is called:- recognition sequence NCERT Page No. 195, Para 2Restriction enzyme Escherichia coli RY 13 is written as:- EcoRI NCERT Page No. 195, Para 3 Show AnswerWhile naming restriction enzymes, the order in which enzyme was isolated from the strain of bacteria is indicated by:- roman numbers NCERT Page No. 195, Para 3 Show AnswerRestriction enzymes belong to which class of enzymes? nucleases NCERT Page No. 196, Para 1 Show AnswerNucleases which remove nucleotide from the ends of DNA are called:- exonucleases NCERT Page No. 196, Para 1 0The sequence recognised by restriction endonuclease to cut the strand in DNA is:- palindromic nucleotide sequence NCERT Page No. 196, Para 2 Show AnswerThe overhanging stretches or single stranded portion left at the ends by restriction enzymes are called:- sticky ends NCERT Page No. 197, Para 1 Show AnswerThe stickiness of sticky ends facilitates the action of enzyme ___________ on them. DNA ligase NCERT Page No. 197, Para 1The stickiness of sticky ends facilitates the action of enzyme ___________ on them. DNA ligase NCERT Page No. 197, Para 1Source DNA and ______ are need to be cut with same restriction enzyme, in order to create a recombinant molecule. vector NCERT Page No. 198, Para 1The separated fragments of DNA are separated by technique known as:- Gel electrophoresis NCERT Page No. 198, Para 1 Show AnswerThe charge on DNA molecules is:- negative NCERT Page No. 198, Para 1Most commonly used gel matrix for electrophoresis is:- agarose NCERT Page No. 198, Para 1Agarose is extracted from:- sea weeds NCERT Page No. 198, Para 1DNA fragments in agarose gel separate according to their:- size NCERT Page No. 198During separation, agarose gel provides __________ effect. sieving NCERT Page No. 198, Para 1Compound used to visualise separated DNA fragments in agarose gel is:- ethidium bromide NCERT Page No. 198, Para 2Ethidium bromide is visible when gel is exposed to:- UV light NCERT Page No. 198, Para 2Ethidium bromide is visible when gel is exposed to:- UV light NCERT Page No. 198, Para 2The process of cutting out and extracting separated bands of DNA from gel is called:- Elution NCERT Page No. 198, Para 2Bacteriophage have very _______ copy numbers of their genome within bacterial cells. high NCERT Page No. 198, Para 3The sequence form where replication starts is called:- Origin of replication (ori) NCERT Page No. 199, Para 1The sequence form where replication starts is called:- Origin of replication (ori) NCERT Page No. 199, Para 1Copy number of the linked DNA is under control of which sequence? ori NCERT Page No. 199, Para 1 Show Answer____________________ helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the transformants? Selectable marker NCERT Page No. 199, Para 1 Show AnswerThe process through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium is called:- Transformation NCERT Page No. 199, Para 1Genes encoding resistance to ____________ are considered useful selectable markers. antibiotics NCERT Page No. 199, Para 1 Show AnswerName some antibiotic genes used as selectable marker for E. coli. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin NCERT Page No. 199, Para 1 Show AnswerDuring cloning, the ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in ____________ genes. antibiotic resistance NCERT Page No. 199, Para 2 Show AnswerDuring cloning, the ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in ____________ genes. antibiotic resistance NCERT Page No. 199, Para 2 Show AnswerAn enzyme used as a selectable marker for selection of recombinants form non-recombinants is:- β-galactosidase NCERT Page No. 200, Para 1During cloning, rDNA is inserted within coding sequence of β-galactosidase, thus leading to:- insertional inactivation NCERT Page No. 200, Para 1 Show AnswerWhile using insertional inactivation, the colonies which do not produce any colour in presence of chromogenic substrate are identified as:- Recombinants NCERT Page No. 200, Para 1 Show AnswerNon-recombinant colonies appear ________ in presence of chromogenic substrate when subjected to insertional inactivation. blue NCERT Page No. 200, Para 1 Show Answer___________ of Agrobacterium is used as a modified cloning vector to deliver gene of interest into plants. Ti plasmid NCERT Page No. 200, Para 2The viruses which have capability to transform normal cells to cancerous cells in animals are:- retroviruses NCERT Page No. 200, Para 2 Show AnswerAgrobacterium delivers a piece of DNA known as ________ in plants to transform normal cells into tumor cells. T-DNA NCERT Page No. 200, Para 2 Show AnswerA pathogen of dicot plants which is used as a cloning vector is:- Agrobacterium tumifaciens NCERT Page No. 200, Para 2The cation used to make bacterial cells competent to take up DNA is:- calcium NCERT Page No. 200, Para 3Heat shock is given to bacterial cells at which temperature to make them competent to take up DNA? 42 degree C NCERT Page No. 201, Para 1 Show AnswerRecombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell by:- micro-injection NCERT Page No. 201, Para 1 Show AnswerIn biolistic method of rDNA transfer, micro-particles of _________ are coated with DNA. tungsten or gold NCERT Page No. 201, Para 1Cells are bombarded with high velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA in a method known as:- biolistics NCERT Page No. 201, Para 1 Show AnswerGenetic material of all organsims is:- nucleic acid NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3To isolate DNA from bacteria, enzyme used to break the cell open is:- Lysozyme NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerIsolation of DNA from plant cells is done by disintegrating the cell wall using enzyme:- Cellulase NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerTo isolate DNA from fungus, enzyme used to break the cell open is:- Chitinase NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3Molecules of DNAare intertwined with proteins like:- histones NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3During isolation of DNA, DNA is made free from RNA by using enzyme:- Ribonuclease NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerDuring isolation of DNA, DNA is made free from proteins by using enzyme:- Proteases NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerDuring isolation of DNA, DNA is made free from proteins by using enzyme:- Proteases NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerDuring isolation of DNA, DNA is made free from proteins by using enzyme:- Proteases NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerDuring isolation of DNA, DNA is made free from proteins by using enzyme:- Proteases NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerDuring isolation of DNA, DNA is made free from proteins by using enzyme:- Proteases NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerDuring isolation of DNA, DNA is made free from proteins by using enzyme:- Proteases NCERT Page No. 201, Para 3 Show AnswerMultiple copies of the gene of interest are synthesised in vitro using two sets of primers in:- Polymerase Chain ReactionIn PCR, the small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA are called:- Primers NCERT Page No. 203, Para 1 Show AnswerDNA polymerase extends the _________ using nucleotides provided during PCR. primers NCERT Page No. 203, Para 1Thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR is isolated from:- Thermus aquaticus NCERT Page No. 203, Para 1Ampicillin resistance gene when used to select transformed cell is called:- Selectable marker NCERT Page No. 203, Para 2Ampicillin resistance gene when used to select transformed cell is called:- Selectable marker NCERT Page No. 203, Para 2For production of recombinant protein, the type of culture system which produces a large biomass is:- Continuous culture system NCERT Page No. 204, Para 1For production of recombinant protein, the type of culture system which produces a large biomass is:- Continuous culture system NCERT Page No. 204, Para 1The vessels in which large volumes of raw materials are biologically converted into specific products under optimum conditions are called:- Bioreactors NCERT Page No. 204, Para 1The vessels in which large volumes of raw materials are biologically converted into specific products under optimum conditions are called:- Bioreactors NCERT Page No. 204, Para 1Stirrer in stirred-tank reactor facilitates even mixing and ____________ availability. oxygen NCERT Page No. 204, Para 2The process of downstream processing involves __________ and __________. separation; purification NCERT Page No. 205, Para 1 Show AnswerThe process of downstream processing involves __________ and __________. separation; purification NCERT Page No. 205, Para 1 Show AnswerMark A, B, C and D in the following figure. A) Vector DNA B) Ligases C) Recombinant DNA molecule D) Transformation NCERT Page No. 197, Fig 11.2 Show AnswerMark A and B in the following figure. A) Largest B) Smallest NCERT Page No. 198, Fig 11.3 Show Answer