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Lower extremities AAO
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Terms in this set (79)
what direction does the talus glide in plantar flexion?
Anteriorly
is tibia concave or convex?
concave
what are the 2 major plantar flexors?
gastrocnemius & soleus
in open chain knee extension, what direction does tibia rotate?
tibia-anteriorly
femur- laterally
what is foot drop?
foot falls into plantar flexion
what biomechanical impact does wearing heels have?
put slack on gastrocnemius & solares
Normal ROM for hip flexion?
0-120
Normal ROM for hip extension?
0-30
normal rom for ankle inversion?
0-135
motions involved in foot pronation?
eversion, dorsi flexion and abduction
motions involved in foot supination?
adduction, inversion, plantar flexion
what muscles make up hamstrings?
biceps femoris (long and short head), semitendinosus, semimembranosus
what is function of hamstring?
knee flexion
Name quads
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
what is the point of reference for pelvic tilt?
ASIS
Anterior
Superior
Iliac
Spine
describe anterior pelvic tilt?
pelvis moves forward, ASIS will move anterior to pubic symphysis
Flat back is in which region of spine?
lumbar spine
anterior pelvic tilt, whats happening with the muscles?
Hips flexed, back extended, shoulders hunched
lateral pelvc tilt?
iliac crest
what is the most common muscle problem in body?
hamstring strain
when external iliac artery or vein, pass under inguinal ligament name changes to what?
Femoral artery and vein
tightness in piriformis can compress what nerve?
sciatic nerve, piriformis syndrome
what is the longest muscle of the hip?
sartorius
what is pressure point in sitting position?
ischial tuberosity
Bones of the pelvis include what?
Ischium, ilium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx
what ligament is referred to the wide ligament and is also known as the ligament of figalow?
iliofemoral ligament- limits hyperextension
what holds the 2 innominate bones together?
pubic symphysis
what is the main function of the iliofemoral ligament?
limits hyperextension
What is the adductor hiatus?
Opening or gap in adductor magnus that transmits the femoral artery and vein from the adductor canal in the thigh to the popliteal fossa posterior to the knee
what passes through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery and vein
what muscle originates in the anterior inferior iliac spine and what is the action?
rectus femoris- hip flexion and knee extension
The IT band originates from what muscle?
tensor fascia lata
what is the motion of the sacroiliac joint that leads to sacral flexion?
rotation
T/F the male and female pelvis are different?
true, female oval and male heart shaped
T/F Lordosis is when the pelvis tilts anterior?
true
what kind of pelvic tilt is when ASIS is posterior to pubic symphysis and lumbar spine flattens?
posterior pelvic tilt
when 2 iliac crests are not level that is known as?
lateral tilt, point of reference is the unsupported side
pelvic rotation occurs in what plane around what axis?
transverse plane, vertical axis
what is a condition in which the femoral head undergo's nacrosis?
legg-calve perthes
angle of inclination is normally how many degrees?
125, at birth it can be up to 170
what is the name when the neck shaft angle is less than 125 degrees?
coxavara, coxavelda
what is the difference of angle of torsion and angle of inclination?
angle of inclination: shaft and neck
angle of torsion: in transverse plane
angle of torsion normally rotates the head and neck outward how many degrees?
15-25
______ is bone deformat of the femur in which angle of torsion is increased?
anteversion
what is genu varum and genu valgum?
bowlegged and knock knees
what kind of joint is the hip joint?
ball and socket, triaxial
the head of femur sits in what part of the hip?
acetabulum
what kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?
non-moving and shock absorbing
T/F The lesser trochanter is on the anterior surface of the femur?
false
What is IT band syndrome?
overuse injury causing lateral knee pain
what kind of lever is going up on your tippy toes?
2nd lever
what sits in the femoral triangle?
3 border, inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle; femoral artery, vein and nerve
Supination of the foot?
inversion, adduction, plantarflexion
in open chain knee extension what direction does the tibia rotate?
laterally
what is the screw holm mechanism?
sit to stand terminal knee extension knee rotates medially, locking your knee out
What is patellofemoral pain syndrome?
knee pain, various alignment issues
what is foot drop?
when the foot falls into plantarflexion and they will trip over their toes
The piriformis and the___ nerve pass through the greater sciatic notch
sciatic nerve
the sartorius is innervated by what nerve?
femoral nerve
T/F the sartorius is a medial muscle?
false
tensor fascia latae is medial or lateral?
lateral
what motion does the TFL assist in?
hip flexion and abduction
adductor magnus is innervated by what nerve?
sciatic nerve
is going up the stairs concentric or eccentric?
concentric
What is a concentric contraction?
the muscles come together, tension increases when muscle lengthens
the lateral collateral liagament serves what purpose?
prevent excessive motion when there is a lot of force, lateral condyle of the femur
medial collateral ligament serves what purpose?
prevent excessive motion when there is valgus force, attaches to the medial condyle of the femur
what are the muscles of the pes anserine "goose foot"?
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
what are the primary curves of the spin?
thoracic and sacral
a softening in degenerate cartilage resulting in anterior knee pain?
chondromalacia patella
What is the terrible triad?
ACL, MCL, torn meniscus
Describe IT band syndrome?
overuse injury causing lateral knee pain, slides over the lateral femoral epicondyle
IT band syndrome is common in what athletes?
bikers and runners
what are the function of the plantar fascia?
lift up calcaneus, extend mcp
T/F the deltoid ligament will become injured with eversion injury
true
the navicular and calcaneus are connected by which ligament ?
spring ligament
What is the range of the Q angle?
13-19 degrees, angle is larger in women
what syndrome occurs if the Q angle is greater or smaller than the normal range?
patello femoral pain syndrome
what is the area behind the knee and what does it contain?
popliteal space, tibial, and common fibular. Blood vessels popliteal artery and vein
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