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Introduction to Psychology - Chapter 1 IB Psychology A Student's Guide

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Psychology

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Terms in this set (17)

The scientific study of individual behaviour and mental processes.

An observable action. Although in IB Psychology it means actions and mental processes.

Mental processes /cognition

The internal tasks we perform with our minds. Examples include thinking, decision making, remembering, and problem solving.

Anything that has been observed to commonly occur. In other words, it's something that we know happens a lot, and often there might not be an obvious explanation.

Empirical evidence

Evidence that has been gathered using observation and/or experimentation.

Laboratory experiment

Takes place in a controlled environment, the researcher manipulates and controls all variables except DV

Field experiment

Takes place in a natural environment, impossible to obtain total control so there may be confounding variables, the researcher manipulates the independent variable (IV)

Independent variable (IV)

Manipulated "cause" in experiments; also known as a "predictor variable", "manipulated variable", "explanatory variable", "exposure variable"

Dependent variable (DV)

The measured variable in experiments ("the effect")

Extraneous variable

Any variable that is not manipulated nor measured but but should be controlled

Confounding variable

An extraneous variable which actually influenced the DV and the results of study.

An association or link between two variables when causational infrences are not allowed. Also a statistical technique that can show whether and how strongly pairs of variables are related.

Positive correlation

A relationship between two variables such that their values increase or decrease together.

Negative correlation

A relationship between two variables such that as the value of one variable increases, the other decreases.

Bidirectional ambiquity

When there is a correlation between two variables and there is uncertainty about which variable is influencing which.