Syntax 모의고사 정리(1)

Fred saw the plane flying over Zurich.
They are looking for teachers of French, German, and Japanese.
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Terms in this set (11)
Fred saw the plane flying over Zurich.
They are looking for teachers of French, German, and Japanese.
1) Fred saw the plane while he was flying over Zurich.
2) Fred was the plane which was flying over Zurich.

1) They are looking for teachers of French, teachers of German, and teachers of Japanese.
2) They are looking for those who teach all of three languages: French, German, and Japanese.
(1) If she likes the present is not clear to me.
(2) My main problem right now is if I should ask for another loan.
(3) It all depends on if they will support us.
(4) You have yet to answer my question, if I can count on your vote.
(5) He didn't say if he'll be staying here or not.
'If' cannot introduce a subject clause unless the clause is extraposed.
'If' cannot introduce a subject complement clause.
The 'If'-clause cannot be the complement of a preposition.
The 'If'- clause cannot be an appositive.
'Or not' can be postponed.
I consider it a problem that you didn't write that report.
I consider that you didn't write that report a problem.
It is because the extraposition of the object clause is obligatory.
A: What has happend?
B: He was waling down some steps. He has fallen and broken his leg.
A: When did it happen?
...
A: I hope he's all right. He had lots of accidents. He did the same thing about two years ago, and he might have similar accidents in the future.
1) 'He has fallen and broken his leg.' : The preceding sentence (He was walking down some steps) sets a specific past point in time at which his falling and breaking his leg occurred, so the past simple is correct.

2) 'He had lots of accident, you know.' : In the given context, he has had a number of similar accidents up to now and, probably more in the future, so the present perfect is correct.
(1) John and Mary met the other day.
(2) John and Mary are two of his best friends.
(3) Kim and Pat went to Bonn and Paris respectively.
(4) Kim and Pat disliked each other.
(5) John and Mary are on very good terms.
(6) Kim and Pat are in love.
(7) Kim and Pat won a prize.
(1) Kim and Pat are in love with each other. (2) Kim is in love with someone, and Pat is also in love with someone.
(1) Kim and Pat won a prize respectively. (2) Kim and Pat as a team won a prize.
*Bill appears to Mary that he is proud to help her.
The first sentence violates the theta criterion. 'Appear' has one theta role and takes only one internal argument. So, 'Bill' receives no theta role.
*John is considered her to be likely to go there.
The second one violates both the Case filter and the theta criterion. When 'consider' is the past participle form of the passive, it does not assign an external theta role and it does not assign case to its object, either. So, 'John' lacks a theta role and 'her' is assigned no Case.
(1)
David smelled 'the freshly baked bread.'
'The door' was kicked by John. (2) John placed the flute on the table.
Sara sent David a letter.
(1) Patient
(2) Theme
We used to/would live in the town center.
There used to/would be three cinemas in the High Street.
We use only 'used to' to describe extended past states.
When we were children, we used to/would swing on the laws swing for hours. We used to/would stop only when we were called for dinner.
-The temporally more explicit 'used to' tends to set up a frame for a past habitual event.
-The more contingent form 'would' marks the details or elaborates the topic.
The ghostwriter writes better than the editor does. It upset him that Steve had been envious of Mary. This business does not pay. The river ran dry. John overate them. The total damages amount two thousand dollars.-The verbs 'overeat' and 'amount' are intransitive verb, so they cannot assign case to the following NP 'them' and 'two thousand dollars.' -With the Case Filter we can account for the different behaviors of NPs and Clauses, because NPs require Case(that is, they must be assigned Case) but Clauses do not.