CHAPTER: TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Training and development is at the heart of:
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Training and development is at the heart of:
An organization that seeks continual growth and improvement.
Training and development:
Is a process of learning provided to new and existing employees acquiring knowledge and technical skills and developing attitudes of behavior in order to be more effective in their jobs.
Objectives of training:
ā‘ Due to increasing international competition in today's economy, companies must empower their employees and develop skills to maximize productivity and profits.

ā‘ The fast-moving, ever changing global economy calls for a new work order and requires a flexible, multi-skilled, knowledgeable and adaptable workforce at all levels.

ā‘ Employee development prepares an employee for jobs in the future.
Benefits of training:
ā‘ Increased profits
ā‘ Higher productivity rates
ā‘ Lower turnover rates
ā‘ Increased company loyalty
Training process:
1. Analysis
2. Design
3. Development
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
1. Analysis:
In which the organization identifies the necessary skills for its employees, analyses the current skills base and develops specific training objectives.
2. Design:
The actual training program, which may be done internally or externally (using external training providers such as a university or consultancy firm).
3. Development:
The organization is able to confirm that the training program developed satisfies the needs analysis.
Variety of Training Methods
- Centralized Training Organization
- Decentralized Training Organization
- Federated Model
Centralized Training Organization
ā‘ All resources and processes are managed within a single entity, reporting to one senior
executive or leadership team.

ā‘ The principal advantage of this model is the consistency it provides in the management of training processes across the enterprise.

ā‘ It is typically employed within small organizations that lack distributed facilities that span geographic locations.
Decentralized Training Organizationā‘ The training function is operated independently by certain entities throughout an enterprise. ā‘ Many such organizations operate separate training departments for IT, manufacturing, sales, HR and other business groups and corporate divisions. ā‘ Each decentralized training department has its own executive or leadership team that develops customized content for its specific audiences.Federated Modelā‘ Centralizes certain processes of the training function within the enterprise and decentralizes others. ā‘ Companies most commonly employ the federated model by centralizing processes associated with training administration while decentralizing processes for content development and delivery. ā‘ Combines the principal advantages offered by the other two models, a principal reason the federated model has become popular among large companies.Advantages of training and developmentā‘ Helps employees develop new skills and increases their knowledge. ā‘ Improves efficiency and productivity of the individuals as well as the teams. ā‘ Proper training and development can remove bottle-necks in operations. ā‘ New & improved job positions can be created to make the organization leaner. ā‘ Keeps employees motivated and refreshes their goals, ambitions and contribution levels.Disadvantages of training and developmentā‘ It is an expensive process which includes arranging the correct trainers and engaging employees for non-revenue activities. ā‘ There is a risk that after the training and development session, the employee can quit the job