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ICW H11

Terms in this set (30)

social cognition
The study of how people make sense of other people and of themselves
cultural intelligence hypothesis
The view that complex social interaction created a form of social intelligence that then laid the groundwork for more general intelligence to emerge later
general intelligence hypothesis
The view that human intelligence did not evolve in response to particular selection forces such as social organization. Instead, it emerged in a general form that could be suited to solving all kinds of problems, whether they are social or not
joint attention
The ability to coordinate attention with a social partner
mirror neuron
Neurons that fire when an animal performs some action and when the animal observes another animal performing the same action
Theory Of Mind (ToM)
The ability to understand others' mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions; to appreciate how these differ from our own; and to utilize this understanding to guide our behavior when interacting with others
autism
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and accompanied by restricted and repetitive behavior. These individuals are often aloof during childhood and remain egocentric as adults. They show impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication
williams syndrome
A genetic disease caused by a deletion on chromosome 7. These individuals manifest hypersociability. They show an exaggerated interest in other people and increased expressiveness and social communicability
social phobia
A disorder characterized by fear of public places, social interaction, and being evaluated negatively by others
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
A phenomenon in which people who agree to a small request now may comply with a larger one later
cognitive dissonance
A negative state that occurs when an attitude and a behavior or two attitudes are inconsistent
selective exposure
The principle by which people seek information not already present that supports a consistency between their attitudes or between their attitudes and behavior
impression
The opinion or belief that you form about another person
halo effect
States that we tend to see positive traits group together. For example, if a person is good-looking, we tend to think he/she is successful
self-disclosure
The act of revealing some confidential aspect of ourselves
attribution
An explanation we give for the causes of events or behaviors
fundamental attribution error
The tendency to prefer internal or dispositional traits as the best explanation for people's behavior
self-serving bias
The tendency to explain our own failures to external causes but to explain other people's failures to internal ones
belief-in-a-just-world phenomenon
The phenomenon in which we think that people get what they deserve
game theory
Attempts to mathematically capture behavior in strategic situations, or games, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others
social dilemmas
The types of situations studied by game theorists
prisoner's dilemma
A social dilemma in which two prisoners must make decisions based on how the other is perceived to decide
schema
A framework or body of knowledge on some topic; knowledge of how to act as well as the computational processes by which to accomplish the activity (algorithm)
stereotypes
Contain information about people in a specific category. The category can be defined by almost any criteria, such as skin color, sex, profession, or religion
out-group homogeneity effect
The belief that all people in an external group look alike
in-group favouritism
The belief that in-group members possess more positive traits in comparison with members of out-groups
implicit association task
An experimental task in which a person must judge whether a central word corresponds to one of two categories, each defined by peripheral words, using one of two buttons
category confusion effect
A difficulty in differentiating between individual members of a given race
indirect priming task
An experimental task where a participant is asked to judge whether a word is good or bad after it has been preceded with a racial prime, such as a word or picture
prejudice
A decision or opinion we already have made
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