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Ba Gang - Eight Principles

Terms in this set (58)

Identifying patterns involves
understanding the pathogenesis, development and relationship of patterns.
The 8 principles are not
either or - but are all inter-related
The 8 principles are
Yin, Yang, Hot, Cold, Interior, Exterior, Full, Empty
Define Interior-Exterior
Describes the location of the disease, NOT location of the SOURCE of the disease.
Exterior pattern definition
Located in skin, muscles, channels, space between skin and muscles.
Exterior pattern source of disease can be
internal or external
Clinical Manifestations of Exterior pattern
Aversion to cold, fever, aching body, stiff neck, and floating pulse
Clinical Manifestations of Exterior-Cold pattern
PRONOUNCED aversion to cold, SLIGHT fever, aches in the body, SEVERE stiff neck, no sweating, no thirst, floating-TIGHT pulse and thin white tongue coating
Clinical Manifestations of Exterior-Heat pattern
Aversion to cold, fever, SLIGHT sweating, AVERSION TO WIND, THIRST, floating-RAPID pulse, thin white tongue coating, SOMETIMES REDNESS OF THE TONGUE ON SIDES AND/OR FRONT
Main factors differentiating Hot or Cold in an Exterior Pattern are
EXTERIOR-HOT - Rapid pulse & thirst
EXTERIOR-COLD - Tight pulse and absence of thirst
Clinical Manifestations of Exterior-Empty pattern
SLIGHT OR NO fever, sweating, AVERSION TO WIND, SLIGHT body aches, floating-SLOW pulse, thin white tongue coating
Clinical Manifestations of Exterior-Full pattern
Fever, NO sweating, SEVERE body aches, aversion to cold, floating-TIGHT pulse, thin white tongue coating
Main factors differentiating Empty or Full in an Exterior Pattern are
EXTERIOR-EMPTY -
sweating, slow pulse, less severe body aches
EXTERIOR-FULL -
absence of sweating, tight pulse, severe body aches
Half-Exterior-Half-Interior Pattern is
when the pathogen stays between exterior and interior
Half-Exterior-Half-Interior Pattern main symptom
alternating cold and fever
Interior Pattern is when
the internal organs are affected
The main sign of change from exterior to interior is
the disappearance of the aversion to cold and the onset of aversion to heat.
All other S&S of interior patterns relate to the
internal organ affected
Internal organ patterns are mostly caused by
emotional distress, diet and overwork
Hot or Cold Patterns describe
the nature of the pattern
Clinical manifestations of Hot and Cold patterns depend on
whether they are combined with full or empty conditions
Full-Heat can be
internal or external
Full-Heat is a manifestation of
excess Yang
Full-Heat S&S
Thirst, feeling of heat, metal restlessness, red face, dry stools, scanty dark urine, rapid-full pulse, red tongue with yellow coating (=INTERIOR Full-Heat), and more depending on the organs affected
Full-Heat caused by
Emotional problems, diet (too much red meat, spices, alcohol), an external pathogenic factor that has penetrated the interior and transformed into heat.
Empty-Heat is a manifestation of
deficiency of Yin
Causes of Empty-Heat are the same as deficiency of Yin, which are
Overwork, irregular eating, excessive sexual activity, persistent heavy blood loss (such as menorrhagia)
Empty-Heat S&S
A feeling of heat in the afternoon or evening, dry mouth with desire to drink in small sips, a dry throat at night, might sweating, a feeling heat in the chest, palms and soles (5 palm heat), floating-empty-rapid pulse, red tongue without coating
Full-Cold Arises from
Excess of Yin
Full-Cold S&S
Feeling cold, cold limbs, no thirst, pale face, abdominal pain-aggravated on pressure, desire to drink warm liquids, loose stools, clear abundant urination, deep-full-tight pulse, pale tongue with thick white coating
Full-Cold is caused by
cold foods, external cold that penetrates the interior
Empty-Cold arises from
deficiency of Yang
Empty-Cold S&S
Feeling cold, cold limbs, dull-pale face, no thirst, listlessness, sweating, loose stools, clear abundant urination, deep-slow or weak pulse, pale tongue with thin white coating
Empty-Cold causes are the same as deficiency of Yang causes, which are
Excessive physical work, diet (inadequate consumption of hot foods), excessive sexual activity, internal cold injuring yang
Main factors differentiating Full-Cold and Empty-Cold
FULL-COLD-
Face: Bright white, Pain: sharp, worse on pressure, Bowels: Better after bowel movement, Pulse: Full-tight-deep, Tongue: Thick white coating.
EMPTY-COLD
Face: Dull white, Pain: Dull, better on pressure, Bowels: Worse after bowel movement, Pulse: Weak-Slow-Deep, Tongue: thin white coating.
Combine Hot & Cold - Conditions can be
Cold on Exterior & Heat in Interior
Heat on Exterior & Cold in Interior
Heat above & Cold below
Combination of Heat and Cold patterns
False-Heat, True Cold
False-Cold, True Heat
Cold on Exterior and Heat in Interior caused by
pre-existing condition of heat in interior and is subsequently invaded by exterior Wind-Cold
Cold on Exterior & Heat on Interior S&S
Fever with aversion to cold, no sweating, headache and stiff neck, aches throughout the body, irritability and thirst.
Heat on the Exterior & Cold in the Interior caused by
Person with a cold condition is attacked by exterior wind-heat
Heat on the Exterior & Cold in the Interior S&S
Fever with aversion to cold, sore throat, headache, floating-rapid pulse, loose stools, chilliness and profuse, pale urine
Heat above & Cold below S&S
Heat above S&S: Thirst, irritability, sour regurgitation, bitter taste, mouth ulcers.
Cold below S&S: Loose stools, borborygmi and profuse pale urine.
Combinations of Heat and cold patterns are
common in practice
Hot and cold patterns coexist
There are manifestations of both Heat and Cold
True-Cold, False Heat S&S
Red cheeks (red colour is like powder), rest of face white, irritability but also listlessness with desire to lie with body curled up, pale and wet tongue, breathing quiet, low voice, thirst but no desire to drink or drink warm fluids, body feels hot but he or she likes to be covered, sore throat but without redness or swelling; pale urine, Rapid-floating-big-empty pulse.
True-Heat, False Cold S&S
Dark face, bright eyes with spirit, red-dry lips, irritability, strong body tongue-body colour red-dry, breathing noisy, loud voice, thirst with desire to drink cold fluids, scanty dark urine, constipation, burning sensation in anus, deep-full pulse, cold limbs but chest is hot.
Full conditions characterised by
the presence of pathogenic factor, Zheng Qi is intact and is fighting the pathogenic factor.
Empty conditions characterised by
deficiency of Zheng Qi and absence of pathogenic factor
Full-Empty conditions characterised by
Emptiness of Zheng Qi and presence of a lingering pathogenic factor that Zheng Qi is not fighting effectively.
Full Condition S&S
Acute onset, restlessness, irritability, strong voice, coarse breathing, pain-aggravated by pressure, high pitch tinnitus, scanty urination, constipation, full pulse.
Mixed Full-Empty conditions caused by
Body's Qi is weak and there is a pathogenic factor but it's influence is not strong
Examples of Full-Empty conditions
KI-Yin deficiency with LIV-Yang rising, LIV-Blood deficiency with LIV-Yang rising, Deficiency of Blood with Blood stasis, KI-Yang deficiency with dampness
The four types of empty conditions are
Empty Qi, Empty Blood, Empty Yin, Empty Yang
Empty Qi S&S
Pale face, weak voice, slight sweating, slight shortness of breath, tiredness, loose stools, poor appetite, empty pulse
Empty Blood S&S
Dull pale face, pale lips, blurred vision, dry hair, tiredness, poor memory, numbness or tingling, insomnia, scanty periods, fine or choppy pulse, pale thin tongue
Empty Yin S&S
Feeling heat in the afternoon or evening, a dry throat at night, night sweating, thin body, floating-empty pulse and a red-peeled and dry tongue
Empty Yang S&S
Chilliness, bright pale face, cold limbs, no thirst, desire for hot drinks, loose stools, pale, frequent urination, weak pulse, pale-wet tongue PLUS empty Qi S&S
Yin-Yang pattern is a
summary of the nature of the other 6 principles OR can be a collapse of Yin or Yang
Collapse of Yin or Yang is
extremely severe and sudden state of emptiness
complete separation of Yin and Yang
often followed by death
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