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Social Science
Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
PSY20006 Chapter 6 MCQ
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Terms in this set (29)
What are some characteristics of our sensory stores?
The information they contain is short lived
They may operate in parallel
They can operate below our level of conscious awareness All of these
All of these
What is the main difference in how the unitary store model explains amnesia compared to other models?
The model cannot explain amnesia
Impairments in relational memory
Long-term memories can be partially damaged
There can be interference from long-term to short-term memories
Impairments in relational memory
According to the working memory model of Baddely, words presented visually obtain access to the phonological loop indirectly through:
Articulatory suppression
Rehearsal
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
Subvocal articulation
Subvocal articulation
The study by Baddeley and Wilson (2002) on prose recall in amnesic patients offered support for the existence of which component of working memory?
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop
Central executive
Episodic buffer
What are some problems identified with the central executive?
It is unlikely to be a single entity
The notion of a single "dysexecutive syndrome" is misleading both of these
Both of these
Both of these
Sperling (1960) carried out a classic series of studies on: Short-term memory store
Long-term memory store
Haptic memory store
Iconic memory store
Echoic memory store
Iconic memory store
What type of information is held by the echoic store? Olfactory
Visual
Auditory
Haptic
Gustatory
Auditory
Sperling (1960) found that information in the visual sensory store is forgotten within about 0.5 seconds, ostensibly through a process called:
Displacement
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Decay
Cue-dependent forgetting
Decay
The type of forgetting that occurs when the memory traces in the memory system are stored, but are inaccessible, is: Displacement
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Decay
Cue-dependent forgetting
Cue-dependent forgetting
The three memory stores in the multi-store model of memory differ in which of the following ways?
Temporal duration
Storage capacity
Forgetting mechanisms
Effects of brain damage
All of the above
All of the above
When Hugo Munsterberg couldn't find the pocket-watch he used to keep in one particular pocket, after he moved it to a new one, he was experiencing forgetting attributable to: Displacement
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Decay
Cue-dependent forgetting
Proactive interference
Logie (1995) subdivided Baddeley's visuo-spatial sketchpad into the visual cache, and what additional component? Phonological loop
Episodic buffer
Central executive
Inner scribe
Articulatory loop
Inner scribe
What types of experiment have been used to test the assumption of limited capacity independent processors in the working memory model?
Chunking studies
Digit span studies
Dichotic listening studies
Dual-task studies 4Free recall studies
Dual-task studies
Serial recall of a list of words is better when the words do NOT sound the same. This phenomenon is called the: Distinctiveness effect
Phonological similarity effect
Word-length effect
Familiarity effect
Practice effect
Phonological similarity effect
According to the working memory model, words presented visually obtain access to the phonological loop indirectly through:
Subvocal articulation
Articulatory suppression
Rehearsal
Practice
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
Subvocal articulation
Which brain area is most likely to be activated during spatial memory tasks?
Inferior frontal gyri
Middle frontal gyri
Dorsal prefrontal cortex
Ventral prefrontal cortex
Occipital lobe
Dorsal prefrontal cortex
Patients with dysexecutive syndrome typically have damage within the:
Occipital lobes
Parietal lobes
Corpus callosum
Temporal lobes
Frontal lobes
Frontal lobes
The study by Baddeley and Wilson (2002) on prose recall in amnesic patients offered support for the existence of which component of working memory?
Phonological loop
Episodic buffer
Central executive
Inner scribe
Articulatory loop
Episodic buffer
The study by Eysenck and Eysenck (1980), involving nouns with irregular grapheme-phoneme correspondence, demonstrated the importance of what in creating lasting long-term memories?
Decay
Distinctiveness
Elaboration
Maintenance rehearsal
Similiarity
Distinctiveness
Which theory of memory was developed by Morris et al. (1977)?
Multistore model
Working memory model
Levels of processing theory
Transfer-appropriate processing theory
Source monitoring theory
Transfer-appropriate processing theory
Tasks such as word-fragment completion and word-stem completion have been used to test:
Episodic memory
Autobiographical memory
Implicit memory
Procedural memory
Context-dependent memory
Implicit memory
Women reporting recovered memories showed higher levels of false recognition than any other group tested by Clancy et al. (2000), with what task:
Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm
Implicit phobic response inventory
Hidden figures task
AB-AC interference task
Displacement paradigm
Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm
The study by Jacoby et al. (2001) provided support for the idea that proactive interference results primarily from: Strength of the initial incorrect response
Problems in retrieving the correct response
Problems with storage of the correct response
Retroactive interference by the incorrect response
All of the above
Strength of the initial incorrect response
Which effect appears to be stronger when participants are in a positive rather than negative mood, because they are motivated to alter negative moods?
Mood congruency effects
Learned helplessness
Trace-dependent forgetting
Mood-state-dependent memory
Repression
Mood-state-dependent memory
Godden and Baddeley (1980) found that participants who learned and were tested on a list of words in the same physical environment (e.g., underwater) LACKED the standard finding of superior memory performance using which type of test?
Serial recall
Recognition
Cued recall
Digit span
Free recall
Recognition
The process whereby information is fixed into long-term memory is termed:
Storage
Knowledge transfer
Encoding
Consolidation
Rehearsal
Consolidation
According to Eichenbaum (2001), the first phase of consolidation primarily involves what brain region? Cerebellum
Occipital lobe
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Hippocampus
Patients who have impaired memory for events occurring before the onset of their memory loss are said to be suffering from:
Proactive amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Retroactive amnesia
Global amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Which of the following findings is consistent with consolidation theories of forgetting?
Consuming alcohol prior to learning reduces forgetting rates
Retrograde amnesia is greater for recently formed memories
Retroactive interference effects are greatest soon after learning has occurred
Distinct patterns of brain activations associated with retrieval of older versus newer memories
All of the above
All of the above
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