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UWorld 7/15

Terms in this set (51)

An increase in the amount of enzyme available in a particular system will cause an increase in Vmax but no change in Km in the Michaelis-Menten kinetics
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Lineweaver-Burke graphs are linear plots that relate an inverse reaction velocity (1 / V) to inverse substrate concentration (1 / [s])
An increase in enzyme concentration would cause a decrease in the y-intercept (1/ Vmax) and no change in the x-intercept (-1/Km)
protein purity is represented as
specific activity (u / mg) : a ratio of the activity of the target protein and the total protein obtained in a purification step

specific activity increases during purification as unwanted protein is removed and becomes constant when only the pure enzyme remains in solution
Total activity (TA) = total protein (mg) x specific activity (u / mg)
yiled is determined by dividing the total activity of the purified protein by the total activity of the unpurified protein
some enzymes can bind different substrates that have the same chemical bonds or linkages (both nucleotides and phospholipids have phosphodiester bonds) The lock and key theory suggests that substrates bind readily to enzymes because their active sites are already in the correct structural conformation. The induced fit theory states that substrate binding induces a change in the change of the active site to accomodate the substrate
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Amino acids consist of a side chain connected to a backbone structure that contains
1. amino group ; N-terminus
2. a- carbon
3. carboxyl group ; C-terminus
Peptide are chains of amino acids that form when the amino group of an amino acid or peptides reacts with the carboxyl group of another amino acid or peptide. Like amino acids, the peptides have an N-terminus and a C-terminus
N-terminus is the nucleophile
Peptides are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. For short peptides that do not adopt higher levels of structure, properties such as isoelectric point and hydrophobocity generally depend only on which amino acids are present (composition) and not on the order in which the amino acids are arranged (primary structure)
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Peptides that consists of the same amino acids may be arranged in different ways. For a peptide consisting of n amino acids of known identity, in which no amino acids repeat, the number of possible combinations is n!
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Antagonist are molecules that bind to receptor proteins to inhibit a response
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To accurately assess the effect of one or more independent variables on a dependent variable, a control in which all independent variables are absent must be performed. This control established a baseline to which all other results can be compared to
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When analyzing graphs identify
1. dependent variables
2. indenpendent variables

And only make conclusions that can be supported by the graph
p-values are statistical measure of the probability that an observed different is due to random chance

Low p-values indicate a low probability that a difference between two observations is a coincidence.
p-values < 0.05 (5% change of coincidence) are accepted as statistically significant
DNA winds tightly around proteins referred to as histones to form structural units known as nucleosomes
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Gene expression depends partially on the
association of histones with DNA
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