Study sets matching "bisc 111"
Study sets
Diagrams
Classes
Users
Mouth
Salivary Glands
Esophagus
Stomach
Breaks down food mechanically by chewing and has enzymes that…
Secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates and coat food i…
Transports food
Site of mechanical and chemical processing (digests protein)
Mouth
Breaks down food mechanically by chewing and has enzymes that…
Salivary Glands
Secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates and coat food i…
gene
allele
phenotype
genotype
a unit of DNA that codes for the structure of a particular pro…
an allele is an alternative form or version of a gene
physical appearance or trait displayed by an individual
the combination of alleles in the individual that codes for th…
gene
a unit of DNA that codes for the structure of a particular pro…
allele
an allele is an alternative form or version of a gene
gall bladder
liver
stomach
esophagus
An organ that stores bile and releases it as needed into the s…
Produces bile
A sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food, secr…
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
gall bladder
An organ that stores bile and releases it as needed into the s…
liver
Produces bile
What is the purpose of cellular respira…
What organisms undergo cellular respira…
What is the difference between aerobic…
1. What is the aerobic cellular respira…
The purpose of cellular respiration is to break down sugar and…
All organisms use cellular respiration
Aerobic Respiration- ... Requires oxygen in order to generate ene…
C6H12O6+6O2 -->6CO2+6H2O+ATP OR Glucose+Oxygen= Carbon dioxide…
What is the purpose of cellular respira…
The purpose of cellular respiration is to break down sugar and…
What organisms undergo cellular respira…
All organisms use cellular respiration
Describe a circumstance under which a p…
What genetic factors must be occurring…
Mutation
Genetic Drift
A change in phenotype would not contribute to the population-l…
1. Random mating... 2. No mutation ... 3. No natural selection... 4. No…
Introduces new alleles to a population
Causes random fluctuation in allele frequencies due to the fac…
Describe a circumstance under which a p…
A change in phenotype would not contribute to the population-l…
What genetic factors must be occurring…
1. Random mating... 2. No mutation ... 3. No natural selection... 4. No…
Cell/Cell Cycle information, list four.
What are the features of a cell?
Cell division
Cell division in different cell types
• All living organisms are comprised of cells.... • Humans have 1…
1) Structure | Fig. 7.7... 2) Function... 3) Can divide (reproduce)…
1) For growth of organisms and for development... 2) For repair o…
1) Cells that divide on a daily basis:... Skin cells - divide dai…
Cell/Cell Cycle information, list four.
• All living organisms are comprised of cells.... • Humans have 1…
What are the features of a cell?
1) Structure | Fig. 7.7... 2) Function... 3) Can divide (reproduce)…
Why does nephron count play a role in t…
How do we think of the final step of a…
What does your kidney release in respon…
What does renin accomplish?
The number of nephrons you have determines the amount of water…
Shivering has a negative effect on being cold.... Sweating has a…
Low blood pressure leads to your kidney releasing renin
Renin is an enzyme that chops up another protein called angiot…
Why does nephron count play a role in t…
The number of nephrons you have determines the amount of water…
How do we think of the final step of a…
Shivering has a negative effect on being cold.... Sweating has a…
What are some things that'll influence…
What are some specific components of a…
Why would iron intake be important?
Why is SGA often closely associated wit…
Under-nutrition
1. Protein intake ... 2. Iron intake
Iron is an important component of hemoglobin which the fetus n…
Well preeclampsia (high blood pressure in mom) means the spira…
What are some things that'll influence…
Under-nutrition
What are some specific components of a…
1. Protein intake ... 2. Iron intake
What are the things that are taking pla…
What are some things we commonly measur…
What's the problem with these results?
What are two ways through which the pla…
Spiral artery remodelling, nutrient delivery, hormone secretio…
Things we can measure of the placenta: Weight, weight/birth-we…
BEWARE --> multiple comparisons
1. Smaller distance between maternal and fetal blood vessels…
What are the things that are taking pla…
Spiral artery remodelling, nutrient delivery, hormone secretio…
What are some things we commonly measur…
Things we can measure of the placenta: Weight, weight/birth-we…
Photosynthesis
Why is photosynthesis important?
Xylem
Phloem
the endergonic suite of redox reactions that produce sugars fr…
It is important because the vast majority of organisms today a…
Plant vascular tissue that conducts water and ions; contains t…
Plant vascular tissue that conducts sugar between roots and sh…
Photosynthesis
the endergonic suite of redox reactions that produce sugars fr…
Why is photosynthesis important?
It is important because the vast majority of organisms today a…
What are the 5 fundamental characterist…
Cell theory
Historical people who supported the cel…
Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
1) Cells: all organisms have membrane-bound cells... 2) Energy pr…
all organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from pre…
1) Hooke: observed cells using a crude microscope... --> Leeunwen…
1) Typically unicellular... 2) Typically smaller than eukaryotic…
What are the 5 fundamental characterist…
1) Cells: all organisms have membrane-bound cells... 2) Energy pr…
Cell theory
all organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from pre…
umbilical vein
ductus venosus
umbilical arteries
liver
brings oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
structure that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vei…
return deoxygenated blood to the placenta
large, dark organ that dominates the anterior abdomen; divided…
umbilical vein
brings oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
ductus venosus
structure that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vei…
What approach do we take with statistic…
Define continuous variable.
Define discrete variable.
What is special about some discrete var…
We see if the data is inconsistent with the null hypothesis.
Continuous data fits on a continuum (income, birth weight, hei…
Discrete data fits into categories (weight classes, favorite i…
They have a logical order to them (sober, drunk, wasted lol)
What approach do we take with statistic…
We see if the data is inconsistent with the null hypothesis.
Define continuous variable.
Continuous data fits on a continuum (income, birth weight, hei…
What was special about the Helsinki coh…
What did Barker's team find out about t…
What was really significant about the D…
What are the different levels of study…
Placentas of babies with problems were weighed.... Dimensions we…
Barker's team found a ton of associations --> got people inter…
Well defined period of caloric restriction and control of war-…
1. Molecular e.g. methylation of DNA... 2. Cellular e.g. amount…
What was special about the Helsinki coh…
Placentas of babies with problems were weighed.... Dimensions we…
What did Barker's team find out about t…
Barker's team found a ton of associations --> got people inter…
Why does nephron count play a role in t…
How do we think of the final step of a…
What does your kidney release in respon…
What does renin accomplish?
The number of nephrons you have determines the amount of water…
Shivering has a negative effect on being cold.... Sweating has a…
Low blood pressure leads to your kidney releasing renin
Renin is an enzyme that chops up another protein called angiot…
Why does nephron count play a role in t…
The number of nephrons you have determines the amount of water…
How do we think of the final step of a…
Shivering has a negative effect on being cold.... Sweating has a…
What are some things that'll influence…
What are some specific components of a…
Why would iron intake be important?
Why is SGA often closely associated wit…
Under-nutrition (not too surprising).
1. Protein intake... 2. Iron intake (hemoglobin ma dude)
Iron is an important component of hemoglobin which the fetus n…
Well preeclampsia (high blood pressure in mom) means the spira…
What are some things that'll influence…
Under-nutrition (not too surprising).
What are some specific components of a…
1. Protein intake... 2. Iron intake (hemoglobin ma dude)
What's a potential confounder for a stu…
What have studies on obesity shown in t…
What are some factors that influences t…
Is mom gaining a lot of weight during p…
Environment... Looking at paternal diet can give you insight int…
Maternal obesity affect a fetus more than paternal obesity
Correlation with mom and dad's environment (income, diet, etc.)
Bad, as the child is more likely to be obese
What's a potential confounder for a stu…
Environment... Looking at paternal diet can give you insight int…
What have studies on obesity shown in t…
Maternal obesity affect a fetus more than paternal obesity
Are there a bunch of things that take p…
What are some things we commonly measur…
What's the problem with these results?
What are some things they look at with…
Yep.... Spiral artery remodeling, nutrient delivery, hormone sec…
Things we can measure of the placenta: Weight, weight/birth-we…
BEWARE --> multiple comparisons
1. Male vs Female... 2. First vs Subsequent Birth... 3. Round vs N…
Are there a bunch of things that take p…
Yep.... Spiral artery remodeling, nutrient delivery, hormone sec…
What are some things we commonly measur…
Things we can measure of the placenta: Weight, weight/birth-we…
Describe a Manhattan plot.
What does a genomic study look at?
What is a GWAS study?
What is transcriptomics?
If there are more dots and the plot is longer, then there is m…
Look at the association between genetic variation (allele) and…
Genome wide association study
Measuring the levels of transcripts to determine which genes a…
Describe a Manhattan plot.
If there are more dots and the plot is longer, then there is m…
What does a genomic study look at?
Look at the association between genetic variation (allele) and…
What is the function of villi?
What do we call trophoblastic maternal…
What do we call an intimate yet invasiv…
Does the maternal and fetal blood mix a…
Villi increase surface area of placenta for exchange
Spiral artery remodeling.
A hemochorial placenta.
Nope
What is the function of villi?
Villi increase surface area of placenta for exchange
What do we call trophoblastic maternal…
Spiral artery remodeling.
Why is gene regulation complex?
When does gene regulation occur?
What will we focus on?
What must occur before transcription ca…
We have lots of genes.... There is a lot of DNA.... Transcription…
At any point from DNA to protein.
We'll focus on chromatin remodeling, transcription, and degrad…
DNA must be unwound for transcription to occur.... Must expose o…
Why is gene regulation complex?
We have lots of genes.... There is a lot of DNA.... Transcription…
When does gene regulation occur?
At any point from DNA to protein.
What kind of things can affect the wiri…
Does the timing of glucocorticoid expos…
When are women given synthetic glucocor…
What is the effect of this early glucoc…
Effects on brain structure - things like nutrition and mom's s…
Timing of glucocorticoid exposure is important.... Fetus exposed…
Some women treated with synthetic glucocorticoids early in pre…
This seems to have effects on neurodevelopment.
What kind of things can affect the wiri…
Effects on brain structure - things like nutrition and mom's s…
Does the timing of glucocorticoid expos…
Timing of glucocorticoid exposure is important.... Fetus exposed…
Define Baker's hypothesis aka the fetal…
What were some hypotheses before Barker…
What was one of the things that started…
What was another motivation for this li…
The environment before birth and shortly afterwards programs…
Diet of several generations may affect future generations... The…
Soldiers who were showing up to military service were in prett…
Insurance companies wanted to make better predictions for when…
Define Baker's hypothesis aka the fetal…
The environment before birth and shortly afterwards programs…
What were some hypotheses before Barker…
Diet of several generations may affect future generations... The…