Study sets matching "bisc 111"
Study sets
Classes
Users
Hardy Weinberg
Genetic Drift
Gene flow
Mutations
Def: Allele frequencies remain constant in absence of influenc…
Loss of variation... Founder- subset of population moves (Scandan…
-Movement/mixing of genes between populations... -homogenizes all…
-Point mutation= random, deleterious ... -Increase variability, c…
Hardy Weinberg
Def: Allele frequencies remain constant in absence of influenc…
Genetic Drift
Loss of variation... Founder- subset of population moves (Scandan…
Transduction
Receptor Cells
Hormones
Phototropism
Take external info, relay to internal message in organism's bo…
Release cell-to- cell chemical signal--> target responder cell…
Organic compound that binds to receptor site- easily amplified…
1. Phototropin becomes activated when plant tips exposed to bl…
Transduction
Take external info, relay to internal message in organism's bo…
Receptor Cells
Release cell-to- cell chemical signal--> target responder cell…
Turgor pressure
Water potential
Solute potential
Pressure potential
Keeps plasma membrane pushed against cell wall- water flows in…
High WP--> Low WP... Solute + Pressure potential ... Low WP= Salty d…
Water moves from low solute--> high solute
Water moves from high pressure--> Low pressure
Turgor pressure
Keeps plasma membrane pushed against cell wall- water flows in…
Water potential
High WP--> Low WP... Solute + Pressure potential ... Low WP= Salty d…
Evolution
Plant importance to ecosystem
Plant importance to humans
Non vascular plants
Green plants... Land- evolved close to water... Vascular- move water…
- 02 producers... - Base of food chain... - Organic matter... - Water B…
- Agriculture... - Energy (biomass, coal)... - Material goods (cotto…
- Low growing next to wet environments... - Ex moss
Evolution
Green plants... Land- evolved close to water... Vascular- move water…
Plant importance to ecosystem
- 02 producers... - Base of food chain... - Organic matter... - Water B…
State of being alive
Theory
Cell theory
Evolution
Evolution, replication, genes, cells
Explanation for observations
Organisms made of cells, come from preexisting cells
Changes in heritable traits- acts on population
State of being alive
Evolution, replication, genes, cells
Theory
Explanation for observations
Virus on Tree of life
Virus cant...
Virus can
Discovery of virus
No position, no binomial nomenclature
- No biosynthetic machinery , metabolism... - Can't replicate DNA…
- Evolve... - More abundant than AB, protist... - Ancient ... - Not mad…
1899... Series of filtration, find virus... currently- view through…
Virus on Tree of life
No position, no binomial nomenclature
Virus cant...
- No biosynthetic machinery , metabolism... - Can't replicate DNA…
SA:V ratio
Indeterminate growth
Meristems
Phenotypic plasticity
High SA:V- high absorption, max c02, increased water loss (bro…
Grow continuously- adaptable
Tips of roots + shoots... Undifferentiated- turn into leaves, flo…
- Plants change phenotype to adapt to environment... - Ex- Scots…
SA:V ratio
High SA:V- high absorption, max c02, increased water loss (bro…
Indeterminate growth
Grow continuously- adaptable
Plato + Theory of Forms
Aristotle + Great Chain of Being
Special Creation
Lamarck + his thoery
Perfect form of every organism exists- species are unchanging
Species fixed, hierarchy of organisms
Earth young- perfect form created by god
Climbing a ladder- towards better... Theory of acquired character…
Plato + Theory of Forms
Perfect form of every organism exists- species are unchanging
Aristotle + Great Chain of Being
Species fixed, hierarchy of organisms
Why care about plants?
Alt of Gen
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Economic (agriculture, medical)... Biological (co evolution w/ po…
-Switching from haploid gametophyte + diploid sporophyte ... - Ga…
-Take advantage of space around them... -Adv: pollination, reprod…
Adv: reshuffle genes... Disadv: slow process, more resources, no…
Why care about plants?
Economic (agriculture, medical)... Biological (co evolution w/ po…
Alt of Gen
-Switching from haploid gametophyte + diploid sporophyte ... - Ga…
gene
allele
phenotype
genotype
a unit of DNA that codes for the structure of a particular pro…
an allele is an alternative form or version of a gene
physical appearance or trait displayed by an individual
the combination of alleles in the individual that codes for th…
gene
a unit of DNA that codes for the structure of a particular pro…
allele
an allele is an alternative form or version of a gene
Mouth
Salivary Glands
Esophagus
Stomach
Breaks down food mechanically by chewing and has enzymes that…
Secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates and coat food i…
Transports food
Site of mechanical and chemical processing (digests protein)
Mouth
Breaks down food mechanically by chewing and has enzymes that…
Salivary Glands
Secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates and coat food i…
Genetic drift violates the H-W principl…
the () () is part of genetic drift, and…
the () () is a part of genetic drift, w…
()/() violates the H-W principle that t…
random allele changes
founder effect, habitat
genetic bottleneck, diversity
Immigration, emigration
Genetic drift violates the H-W principl…
random allele changes
the () () is part of genetic drift, and…
founder effect, habitat
All animals are (), derive energy from…
() have three germ layers.
() have two germ layers
The third germ layer that separates the…
eukaryotes, heterotrophs, move, muscle, nerve
triploblasts
diploblasts
mesoderm
All animals are (), derive energy from…
eukaryotes, heterotrophs, move, muscle, nerve
() have three germ layers.
triploblasts
Photosynthesis
Why is photosynthesis important?
Xylem
Phloem
the endergonic suite of redox reactions that produce sugars fr…
It is important because the vast majority of organisms today a…
Plant vascular tissue that conducts water and ions; contains t…
Plant vascular tissue that conducts sugar between roots and sh…
Photosynthesis
the endergonic suite of redox reactions that produce sugars fr…
Why is photosynthesis important?
It is important because the vast majority of organisms today a…
Speciation
Evolutionary divergence
Biological species concept
Reproductive isolation
Genetic isolation- gene flow stops... Notches in tree of life- in…
Accumulation of differences which leads to speciation
Species form through reproductive isolation... Adv: Reproductive…
Prezygotic isolation- prevents gametes from coming together (t…
Speciation
Genetic isolation- gene flow stops... Notches in tree of life- in…
Evolutionary divergence
Accumulation of differences which leads to speciation
Gall bladder
Stomach
esophagus
Small Intestine
Stores bile which helps w/ digestion of fats. Located below ri…
Major site of protein digestion.
Tube dorsal (behind) the trachea that helps to move food to th…
Accepts semi-digested chyme from the stomach. Carbohydrates, f…
Gall bladder
Stores bile which helps w/ digestion of fats. Located below ri…
Stomach
Major site of protein digestion.
What are the 5 fundamental characterist…
Cell theory
Historical people who supported the cel…
Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
1) Cells: all organisms have membrane-bound cells... 2) Energy pr…
all organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from pre…
1) Hooke: observed cells using a crude microscope... --> Leeunwen…
1) Typically unicellular... 2) Typically smaller than eukaryotic…
What are the 5 fundamental characterist…
1) Cells: all organisms have membrane-bound cells... 2) Energy pr…
Cell theory
all organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from pre…
liver
gall bladder
stomach
esophagus
large, dark organ that dominates the anterior abdomen. It is d…
Where bile is stored. A sac located beneath the right central…
left side of the upper abdomen. Major site of protein digestio…
An easily compressible tube that lies immediately dorsal to th…
liver
large, dark organ that dominates the anterior abdomen. It is d…
gall bladder
Where bile is stored. A sac located beneath the right central…
Why study BA?
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Bacteria essential to life
- Small genomes, easy to understand, but complex... - Microbial w…
unicellular, no membrane bound nucleus/organelles
-unicellular, prokaryotes... - form sheets of biofilm... - motile (c…
- Bioremediation ... - Oxygen revolution, started aerobic respira…
Why study BA?
- Small genomes, easy to understand, but complex... - Microbial w…
Prokaryotes
unicellular, no membrane bound nucleus/organelles
Precambrian Era
Oxygen Catastrophe
Postcambrian era
5 mass extinctions
4.6 bya- 542 mya ... Lifeless, earth cooling ... Unicellular organis…
2.5 bya (precambrian)
542 mya onward... Paleozoic- multicellular... Mesozoic- dinos... Cenozo…
Post Cambrian... Loss of 60% of species... Adaptive Radiation
Precambrian Era
4.6 bya- 542 mya ... Lifeless, earth cooling ... Unicellular organis…
Oxygen Catastrophe
2.5 bya (precambrian)
Structural proteins
Storage proteins
Transport proteins
Auxin
1) Function: Supports... 2) Examples... a. Insects and spiders to ma…
1) Function: Storage of amino acids ... 2) Examples:... a) Ovalbumin…
1) Functions: Transport of other substances... 2) Example: ... a. He…
Functions: ... a. Helps define long axis of body (phototropism a…
Structural proteins
1) Function: Supports... 2) Examples... a. Insects and spiders to ma…
Storage proteins
1) Function: Storage of amino acids ... 2) Examples:... a) Ovalbumin…
Oviparity
viviparity
ovoviviparity
echinoderms
laying fertilized eggs
giving birth to live young
a combination of laying fertilized eggs and giving birth to li…
a group that has returned secondarily to radial symmetry, but…
Oviparity
laying fertilized eggs
viviparity
giving birth to live young