Study sets matching "energy balance"
Study sets
Classes
Users
BMR/RMR
Ketosis
Starches
Glucose
The basic amount of caloric energy needed to run the body's or…
Fat breakdown during fasting, creates ketones, elevating blood…
Long chain carbohydrates found in potato, rice, grains, etc.
A simple sugar, the body's primary and preferred source of ene…
BMR/RMR
The basic amount of caloric energy needed to run the body's or…
Ketosis
Fat breakdown during fasting, creates ketones, elevating blood…
Energy balance
Energy in...
Basal metabolism
Physical activity
Energy intake=energy output
Carbohydrates, protein, fat, alcohol
60-70% of total energy needs. Minimum energy used to keep body…
Increases energy output beyond basal metabolism. Varies among…
Energy balance
Energy intake=energy output
Energy in...
Carbohydrates, protein, fat, alcohol
BMR
BMI
NEAT
Obesity
Which of the following is the amount of energy the body needs…
What is a common weight assessment that uses the relationship…
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
Body weight more than 20 percent higher than the average weigh…
BMR
Which of the following is the amount of energy the body needs…
BMI
What is a common weight assessment that uses the relationship…
Hall's study on energy balance
Hall's study - New rule of thumb
Hall's Study - What are the limitations…
Hall Study - How precise are the tools…
Evaluates the 3500 calorie rule which says you need to burn th…
-10kcal in Energy Input/day = 1 lb decrease when bodyweight re…
Reporting correctly, expensive, hard to find subjects for long…
Uncertainty >100 kcal/d in estimates of Energy Output. An inta…
Hall's study on energy balance
Evaluates the 3500 calorie rule which says you need to burn th…
Hall's study - New rule of thumb
-10kcal in Energy Input/day = 1 lb decrease when bodyweight re…
Arcuate nucleus
NPY
Melanocortins
Leptin
A nucleus of the hypothalamus that contains high concentration…
Appetite Stimulator. Y not eat?... Opposite of Melanocortins.
Hormones that suppress appetite. Antagonist to NPY.... Stimulated…
Adipokine hormone that is a Satiety Signal released from fat s…
Arcuate nucleus
A nucleus of the hypothalamus that contains high concentration…
NPY
Appetite Stimulator. Y not eat?... Opposite of Melanocortins.
heat balance
constant body temperature
temperature receptors
hypothalamus
when heat gained in the body is balanced by heat loss
37 C (on average)
detect the temperature of the blood in the skin and brain
the temperature control centre
heat balance
when heat gained in the body is balanced by heat loss
constant body temperature
37 C (on average)
Early atmospheric composition
Current atmospheric composition
Global Scale Features
synoptic scale features
80% carbon dioxide, 10% nitrogen, 10% water
78%nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases
occur in scales from thousands of kilometers to planetary moti…
occur on sales from a few hundred kilometers to thousands of k…
Early atmospheric composition
80% carbon dioxide, 10% nitrogen, 10% water
Current atmospheric composition
78%nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases
% of energy for digesting, absorbing an…
Thermic effect of food
An adult at rest would use _____ calori…
Hormone involved in regulating Basal Me…
5-10%
Energy cost of digesting, absorbing and transporting nutrients
1,400 kcal
Thyroid Hormone
% of energy for digesting, absorbing an…
5-10%
Thermic effect of food
Energy cost of digesting, absorbing and transporting nutrients
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
organic compound
digestion
a process in which plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight to p…
the process by which oxygen to produce food
a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon
a process in which food is broken down into smaller pieces
photosynthesis
a process in which plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight to p…
cellular respiration
the process by which oxygen to produce food
Energy Balance
Positive Energy Balance
Negative Energy Balance
4
This is when the energy in equals the amount of energy out
This is when the energy in is greater than the energy out
This is when the energy in is less than the energy out
How many kcal/gram in carbs?
Energy Balance
This is when the energy in equals the amount of energy out
Positive Energy Balance
This is when the energy in is greater than the energy out
energy balance
positive energy balance
negative energy balance
bomb calorimeter
The state at which energy (kilocalorie) intake from food and b…
the state in whcih energy intake is greater than energy expend…
the state in which energy intake is less than energy expenditu…
an instrument used to measure the amount of heat released from…
energy balance
The state at which energy (kilocalorie) intake from food and b…
positive energy balance
the state in whcih energy intake is greater than energy expend…
Energy balance
Metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate BMR
Normal energy balance
Intake of energy compared with the expenditure of energy by th…
The speed at which the body uses energy, individuals with a fa…
The energy required for supporting the basic process required…
intake = expenditure
Energy balance
Intake of energy compared with the expenditure of energy by th…
Metabolic rate
The speed at which the body uses energy, individuals with a fa…
energy balance is
intake - expenditure =
BMR
MET
the sum of BMR, TEF and energy used during physical activity.
energy balance
Basal Metabolic Rate. min energy required to function.
metabolic equivalent task. used to work out energy used in act…
energy balance is
the sum of BMR, TEF and energy used during physical activity.
intake - expenditure =
energy balance
Calorie
Carbohydrate
Calories in a gram of fat
Calories in a gram of carbohydrate
a unit of heat used to indicate the amount of energy that food…
the most preferred source of energy from food
9
4
Calorie
a unit of heat used to indicate the amount of energy that food…
Carbohydrate
the most preferred source of energy from food
Calories in carbs, fat, protein, and al…
What makes up our energy out?
BMR takes up what % of energy expenditu…
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
carbs - 4cal/g... fat- 9cal/g... protein- 4cal/g... alcohol- 7cal/g
Basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermic effect of food, physical a…
~70-80%
Burning calories while doing nothing
Calories in carbs, fat, protein, and al…
carbs - 4cal/g... fat- 9cal/g... protein- 4cal/g... alcohol- 7cal/g
What makes up our energy out?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermic effect of food, physical a…
_______ rate (energy expenditure per un…
________ rate is a measure of the body'…
Control of Food Intake
Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus contain…
Metabolic
Basal metabolic
Controlled primarily by the hypothalamus... - appetite center pr…
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
_______ rate (energy expenditure per un…
Metabolic
________ rate is a measure of the body'…
Basal metabolic
Android obesity
Satiety
Morbid obesity
Appetite
Excess storage of fat located primarily in the abdominal area
Effects of a food or meal that delay subsequent intake. Feelin…
Characterized by body weight exceeding 100 percent of normal a…
A psychological desire to eat that is related to the pleasant…
Android obesity
Excess storage of fat located primarily in the abdominal area
Satiety
Effects of a food or meal that delay subsequent intake. Feelin…
Intake
Output
Basal Metabolic Rate is affected by
Resting Metabolic Rate
Alcohol Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
Basal metabolism Thermic effect of food Physical activity Ther…
stress caffeine genes
amount of energy expended by the body at rest... higher than BMR
Intake
Alcohol Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
Output
Basal metabolism Thermic effect of food Physical activity Ther…
Neuropeptide Y... Agouti-related peptide... O…
alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone... ox…
Caloric intake weight gain
Caloric expenditure weight loss
Orexigenic neuropeptides
Anorexigenic neuropeptides
fat... protein... carbohydrate
Thermal effect of food... Physical activity... Resting metabolism
Neuropeptide Y... Agouti-related peptide... O…
Orexigenic neuropeptides
alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone... ox…
Anorexigenic neuropeptides
energy balance
3500 kcals
positive energy balance
negative energy balance
energy consumed = energy expended
_______ = 1 pound of body weight
energy in > energy out. leads to storage of excess energy as a…
energy in < energy out. leads to use of stored energy from gly…
energy balance
energy consumed = energy expended
3500 kcals
_______ = 1 pound of body weight
Fat Stores
Energy Balance
Classic Rule
Bomb Calorimeter
50,000-200,000 kcal
Amount of consumed energy versus the amount of expended energy…
For each 3500 kcal eaten in excess, 1 pound of body fat is sto…
When the food burns, energy is released in the form of heat me…
Fat Stores
50,000-200,000 kcal
Energy Balance
Amount of consumed energy versus the amount of expended energy…
Calories
Basal Metabolism
Physical Activity
Thermic effect on food
Energy in our food is measured in this
energy to stay alive (60%)
Energy to move muscles on purpose (30-40%)
energy needed for digestion (10%)
Calories
Energy in our food is measured in this
Basal Metabolism
energy to stay alive (60%)
Direct calorimetry
indirect calorimetry
physiological fuel value
hunger
measure released heat energy directly (uses a bomb calorimeter)
measures amount of oxygen consumed and CO2 expelled
difference between # of kcals calorimetry measures and that th…
signals a physiological need for food
Direct calorimetry
measure released heat energy directly (uses a bomb calorimeter)
indirect calorimetry
measures amount of oxygen consumed and CO2 expelled
A dietary Calorie is one Kilocalorie, t…
--- is the state at which your ---- and…
Energy balance occurs when number of ca…
Positive energy balance
1 kilogram =2.2pounds or 4 cups.
Energy balance, energy intake, energy expenditure, equal
Weight is maintained
Calories consumed > calories used... Weight is gained
A dietary Calorie is one Kilocalorie, t…
1 kilogram =2.2pounds or 4 cups.
--- is the state at which your ---- and…
Energy balance, energy intake, energy expenditure, equal