Study sets matching "microbiology 3"
Study sets
Diagrams
Classes
Users
prokaryotic
antibiotics
nucleoid
nucleus
Bacteria and archaea are __________
The cells of disease-causing bacteria can be fought with these
In prokaryotic cells, genetic material is in a region called a…
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is enclosed by a membrane to form a _…
prokaryotic
Bacteria and archaea are __________
antibiotics
The cells of disease-causing bacteria can be fought with these
Physical Factor that affect bacterial g…
Temperature
Psychrophiles
Mesophiles
Temperature, pH, and Osmotic Pressure
Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles
Survive and grow at cold temperatures
grow moderate temperature (between 25-40 C), human body is at…
Physical Factor that affect bacterial g…
Temperature, pH, and Osmotic Pressure
Temperature
Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles
Deinococcus Thermus
Thermus aquaticus
Deinococcus radiodurans- tetrad
Cyanobacteria
Interface of thermophile and hyperthermophile
Grows at 70-75degrees... Source of Taq polymerase
Not thermophilic, but resistant to radiation and desiccation-…
Primary producers in many ecosystems... Generate blooms... Oxygenic…
Deinococcus Thermus
Interface of thermophile and hyperthermophile
Thermus aquaticus
Grows at 70-75degrees... Source of Taq polymerase
Pathogenicity/Virulence
Beneficial mutations
Transposal of virulence
Attenuation
How well a pathogen can cause disease (can change over time)
Help pathogen cause disease... Help pathogen infect a new and dif…
loss of virulence when a pathogen is transferred to a new and…
Loss of virulence when pathogens are passaged repetitively in…
Pathogenicity/Virulence
How well a pathogen can cause disease (can change over time)
Beneficial mutations
Help pathogen cause disease... Help pathogen infect a new and dif…
Immune System
Elie Metchnikoff
sterile areas
innate
Protection of this world of bacteriology
the first to theorize that we have specialized defensive cells…
Organs, bones, tissues....these are the body proper.
immunity we are born with
Immune System
Protection of this world of bacteriology
Elie Metchnikoff
the first to theorize that we have specialized defensive cells…
gene
chromosome
how are chromosomes different in bacter…
allele
segment of DNA encoding a functional product (protein)
contains genes of an organism; how they are organized
bacteria have 1 large circular chromosome... eukaryotes have line…
alternative forms of gene
gene
segment of DNA encoding a functional product (protein)
chromosome
contains genes of an organism; how they are organized
Infection
Antibiotics
Vaccines
Healthy Carrier
The presence of a virus or bacteria in a system
Medicine (like penicillin) that are given for bacterial infect…
A shot that usually contains a virus that is given prior to co…
A person that may be carrying a disease but have no symptoms,…
Infection
The presence of a virus or bacteria in a system
Antibiotics
Medicine (like penicillin) that are given for bacterial infect…
inoculation ... incubation... isolation... inspe…
producing a culture and transferring it…
growing the inoculum under the right co…
Media prepared for microbial growth
What are the 6 I's of microbiology technique?
What is inoculation?
What is incubation?
Define culture medium
inoculation ... incubation... isolation... inspe…
What are the 6 I's of microbiology technique?
producing a culture and transferring it…
What is inoculation?
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
peptidoglycan
glycocalyx
-SImple... -small... -unicellular... -DNA is circular and not in membra…
-Complex... -larger... -Unicellular and Multicellular... -DNA is in pai…
protective cell wall made of protein-carbohydrate of prokaryot…
-prokaryote cell is surrounded by a sticky protective coating…
Prokaryote
-SImple... -small... -unicellular... -DNA is circular and not in membra…
Eukaryote
-Complex... -larger... -Unicellular and Multicellular... -DNA is in pai…
innate immunity
anitgen
epitope
inmate or natural immunity
1. existing in one from birth... 2. inherent in the essential cha…
anything that can cause an auto immune response
the oart of the antigen recognized as foreign ... -typically a sm…
an immune response involving non specific responses of ghe 1 a…
innate immunity
1. existing in one from birth... 2. inherent in the essential cha…
anitgen
anything that can cause an auto immune response
Types of Microorganisms
Spontaneous Generation
"Omne vivum ex vivo"
Father of Microbiology
Prokaryotic: Single- celled microorganisms that lack membrane-…
Many scientists believed that some life forms may arise from i…
"All life comes from life" ... In 1668, Francesco Redi challenge…
Louis Pasteur.... Successfully disproved the theory of spontaneo…
Types of Microorganisms
Prokaryotic: Single- celled microorganisms that lack membrane-…
Spontaneous Generation
Many scientists believed that some life forms may arise from i…
T7 Genome
Class I genes
Pseudoalteromonas
tree of life starting at LUCA
Class I: expressed early in life cycle... Class II: DNA replicati…
are transcribed and translated even before the rest of the cel…
marine bacteria, creates a flat line in cell/JE2 growth
Luca to ... Eukaryotes... archeae:... led to nucleaus ... bacteria:... cyano…
T7 Genome
Class I: expressed early in life cycle... Class II: DNA replicati…
Class I genes
are transcribed and translated even before the rest of the cel…
Activator
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
catabolite repression
competent
proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate expr…
One Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesase per aa, recognizes aa and matchi…
When a preferred substrate prevents the utilization of a less-…
the ability of a cell to take up extracellular DNA from the en…
Activator
proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate expr…
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
One Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesase per aa, recognizes aa and matchi…
Epidemiology
Measures tracked
Infection
Disease
Measures infectious disease in populations
Frequency, distribution, transmission, etiology, risk/control…
Invasion, colonization, multiplication in body by microbes
An abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal f…
Epidemiology
Measures infectious disease in populations
Measures tracked
Frequency, distribution, transmission, etiology, risk/control…
Bacteria and Archaea have no:
Their are 3 ways they differ from eukar…
The way their DNA is packaged:
The makeup of their cell wall:
true nucleus
The way their DNA is packaged... The makeup of their cell wall... Th…
nuclear material is free inside the cytoplasm but do not have…
Bacteria have sturdy walls made of peptidoglycan
Bacteria and Archaea have no:
true nucleus
Their are 3 ways they differ from eukar…
The way their DNA is packaged... The makeup of their cell wall... Th…
initiation, elongation, termination
promotor
termination sequence
mRNA strand
3 stages of transcription
initiates rna polymerase to begin transcription
notifies rna polymerase to complete transcription process
what is created during elongation
initiation, elongation, termination
3 stages of transcription
promotor
initiates rna polymerase to begin transcription
phylogeny
rRNA
SSU (small unit rRNA), 16, 18
universally distributed (found in all l…
study of evolutionary relationship of organisms
comparison of ____ sequences (genes essential for the cell) ca…
____ sequencing of ____s (prokaryotes)and _____s (eukaryotes)…
Why use SU RNA?
phylogeny
study of evolutionary relationship of organisms
rRNA
comparison of ____ sequences (genes essential for the cell) ca…
Golden Age of Microbiology (1875-1918)
Establishment of disease
Asymptomatic
Pathogens
1. Most pathogenic bacteria identified... 2. Early work on viruse…
Contact--> Infection--> Disease ... (Not all contacts lead to inf…
Without symptoms
1. Portal of entry/exit... 2. Infectious dose (amount of microbe…
Golden Age of Microbiology (1875-1918)
1. Most pathogenic bacteria identified... 2. Early work on viruse…
Establishment of disease
Contact--> Infection--> Disease ... (Not all contacts lead to inf…
Clostridium botulinum
spores
Bacillus
Norovirus
-Forms endospores... -Problem in cured meats and canning ... -Protei…
-Are resistant to boiling water at 1 atm... -Can be ingested and…
Multiple species - forms endospores... -frequently found in milk…
"cruise ship virus" closer env. Only need small space- contain…
Clostridium botulinum
-Forms endospores... -Problem in cured meats and canning ... -Protei…
spores
-Are resistant to boiling water at 1 atm... -Can be ingested and…
General pathways of metabolism
Glycolysis... The oxidation of glucose to…
Substrate level phosphorylation
NADH---3 ATP... FADH2---2 ATP
catabolism... • breakdown macromolecules into simple component pa…
Two phases:... Preparatory phase... ----2 ATP are used... Energy conse…
ADP+P=====ATP
break bonds, energy released in the form of e-... step-step, NAD…
General pathways of metabolism
catabolism... • breakdown macromolecules into simple component pa…
Glycolysis... The oxidation of glucose to…
Two phases:... Preparatory phase... ----2 ATP are used... Energy conse…
vaccine
how a vaccine works
herd immunity
attenuated vaccines
suspension of organisms or fractions of organisms that induce…
- provokes a primary immune response ... - leads to formation of…
outbreaks are sporadic due to lack of susceptible individuals
- weakened pathogen... - closely mimic an actual infection... - conf…
vaccine
suspension of organisms or fractions of organisms that induce…
how a vaccine works
- provokes a primary immune response ... - leads to formation of…