Study sets matching "microbiology 3"
Study sets
Classes
Users
inoculation ... incubation... isolation... inspe…
producing a culture and transferring it…
growing the inoculum under the right co…
Media prepared for microbial growth
What are the 6 I's of microbiology technique?
What is inoculation?
What is incubation?
Define culture medium
inoculation ... incubation... isolation... inspe…
What are the 6 I's of microbiology technique?
producing a culture and transferring it…
What is inoculation?
gene
chromosome
how are chromosomes different in bacter…
allele
segment of DNA encoding a functional product (protein)
contains genes of an organism; how they are organized
bacteria have 1 large circular chromosome... eukaryotes have line…
alternative forms of gene
gene
segment of DNA encoding a functional product (protein)
chromosome
contains genes of an organism; how they are organized
Infection
Antibiotics
Vaccines
Healthy Carrier
The presence of a virus or bacteria in a system
Medicine (like penicillin) that are given for bacterial infect…
A shot that usually contains a virus that is given prior to co…
A person that may be carrying a disease but have no symptoms,…
Infection
The presence of a virus or bacteria in a system
Antibiotics
Medicine (like penicillin) that are given for bacterial infect…
innate immunity
anitgen
epitope
inmate or natural immunity
1. existing in one from birth... 2. inherent in the essential cha…
anything that can cause an auto immune response
the oart of the antigen recognized as foreign ... -typically a sm…
an immune response involving non specific responses of ghe 1 a…
innate immunity
1. existing in one from birth... 2. inherent in the essential cha…
anitgen
anything that can cause an auto immune response
Bacillus anthracies
cutaneous anthrax
pulmonary anthrax
intestinal anthrax
causes anthrax... Gram +, endospore forming, aerobic, large capsu…
95% of all forms... local lesions on skin... 20% lethal if untreated
sudden onset of pneumonia and death... not contagious person to p…
severe enteritis, death... 25-60% lethal if untreated
Bacillus anthracies
causes anthrax... Gram +, endospore forming, aerobic, large capsu…
cutaneous anthrax
95% of all forms... local lesions on skin... 20% lethal if untreated
T7 Genome
Class I genes
Pseudoalteromonas
tree of life starting at LUCA
Class I: expressed early in life cycle... Class II: DNA replicati…
are transcribed and translated even before the rest of the cel…
marine bacteria, creates a flat line in cell/JE2 growth
Luca to ... Eukaryotes... archeae:... led to nucleaus ... bacteria:... cyano…
T7 Genome
Class I: expressed early in life cycle... Class II: DNA replicati…
Class I genes
are transcribed and translated even before the rest of the cel…
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
peptidoglycan
glycocalyx
-SImple... -small... -unicellular... -DNA is circular and not in membra…
-Complex... -larger... -Unicellular and Multicellular... -DNA is in pai…
protective cell wall made of protein-carbohydrate of prokaryot…
-prokaryote cell is surrounded by a sticky protective coating…
Prokaryote
-SImple... -small... -unicellular... -DNA is circular and not in membra…
Eukaryote
-Complex... -larger... -Unicellular and Multicellular... -DNA is in pai…
MIC
MBC
Antibiograms
The E-Test
minimal inhibitory concentration
minimal bacterial concentration
record of the susceptibility of organism typically encountered…
a gradient diffusion method that determines antibiotics sensit…
MIC
minimal inhibitory concentration
MBC
minimal bacterial concentration
Activator
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
catabolite repression
competent
proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate expr…
One Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesase per aa, recognizes aa and matchi…
When a preferred substrate prevents the utilization of a less-…
the ability of a cell to take up extracellular DNA from the en…
Activator
proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate expr…
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
One Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesase per aa, recognizes aa and matchi…
Epidemiology
Measures tracked
Infection
Disease
Measures infectious disease in populations
Frequency, distribution, transmission, etiology, risk/control…
Invasion, colonization, multiplication in body by microbes
An abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal f…
Epidemiology
Measures infectious disease in populations
Measures tracked
Frequency, distribution, transmission, etiology, risk/control…
Physical Factor that affect bacterial g…
Temperature
Psychrophiles
Mesophiles
Temperature, pH, and Osmotic Pressure
Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles
Survive and grow at cold temperatures
grow moderate temperature (between 25-40 C), human body is at…
Physical Factor that affect bacterial g…
Temperature, pH, and Osmotic Pressure
Temperature
Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles
Golden Age of Microbiology (1875-1918)
Establishment of disease
Asymptomatic
Pathogens
1. Most pathogenic bacteria identified... 2. Early work on viruse…
Contact--> Infection--> Disease ... (Not all contacts lead to inf…
Without symptoms
1. Portal of entry/exit... 2. Infectious dose (amount of microbe…
Golden Age of Microbiology (1875-1918)
1. Most pathogenic bacteria identified... 2. Early work on viruse…
Establishment of disease
Contact--> Infection--> Disease ... (Not all contacts lead to inf…
vaccine
how a vaccine works
herd immunity
attenuated vaccines
suspension of organisms or fractions of organisms that induce…
- provokes a primary immune response ... - leads to formation of…
outbreaks are sporadic due to lack of susceptible individuals
- weakened pathogen... - closely mimic an actual infection... - conf…
vaccine
suspension of organisms or fractions of organisms that induce…
how a vaccine works
- provokes a primary immune response ... - leads to formation of…
Catabolism
Anabolism
Enzymes
Enzymes
degradative;breaks the bonds of larger molecules forming small…
- biosynthesis;process that forms larger macromolecules from s…
are biological catalysts that increase the rate of a... chemical…
promotes a reaction by serving as a physical site... for specific…
Catabolism
degradative;breaks the bonds of larger molecules forming small…
Anabolism
- biosynthesis;process that forms larger macromolecules from s…
test for amino acids... purple = positive…
Dnase that hydrolyses DNA... halo=positive…
presence of phenylalanine deaminase... rea…
lysis of red blood cells via hemolysin…
amino acid decarboxylation test
dna hydrolysis test
phenylalanine deaminase test
blood agar test
test for amino acids... purple = positive…
amino acid decarboxylation test
Dnase that hydrolyses DNA... halo=positive…
dna hydrolysis test
Cytokines
Granuloma (immune response)
Tuberculosis - Infection
Tuberculosis
- Lymphokines, interleukins, interferons, chemokines
Cellular immune response (not antibody mediated) ... - Specific T…
1. Tubercle bacilli are inhaled, ingested by macrophages ... 2. M…
- Caused by M. tuberculosis complex organisms... o Can also be ca…
Cytokines
- Lymphokines, interleukins, interferons, chemokines
Granuloma (immune response)
Cellular immune response (not antibody mediated) ... - Specific T…
calories
cellular respiration
glycolysis
krebs cycle
the unit used to calculate the amount of energy stored
the process that releases energy from food in the presence of…
glucose enters the chemical pathway of something and two ATP a…
two more ATP are produced when the pyruvic acid gets produced…
calories
the unit used to calculate the amount of energy stored
cellular respiration
the process that releases energy from food in the presence of…
General pathways of metabolism
Glycolysis... The oxidation of glucose to…
Substrate level phosphorylation
NADH---3 ATP... FADH2---2 ATP
catabolism... • breakdown macromolecules into simple component pa…
Two phases:... Preparatory phase... ----2 ATP are used... Energy conse…
ADP+P=====ATP
break bonds, energy released in the form of e-... step-step, NAD…
General pathways of metabolism
catabolism... • breakdown macromolecules into simple component pa…
Glycolysis... The oxidation of glucose to…
Two phases:... Preparatory phase... ----2 ATP are used... Energy conse…
Bacteria and Archaea have no:
Their are 3 ways they differ from eukar…
The way their DNA is packaged:
The makeup of their cell wall:
true nucleus
The way their DNA is packaged... The makeup of their cell wall... Th…
nuclear material is free inside the cytoplasm but do not have…
Bacteria have sturdy walls made of peptidoglycan
Bacteria and Archaea have no:
true nucleus
Their are 3 ways they differ from eukar…
The way their DNA is packaged... The makeup of their cell wall... Th…
levels of control
sepsis
antisepsis
sterilization
-sepsis... -antisepsis... -sterilization... -disinfection
the growth of microorganisms or the presence of microbial toxi…
the application of chemical agents to exposed body surfaces, w…
-a process that destroys or removes all viable microorganisms,…
levels of control
-sepsis... -antisepsis... -sterilization... -disinfection
sepsis
the growth of microorganisms or the presence of microbial toxi…
The term ____ applies to all of the che…
____ is the process by which a cell is…
____ is the process by which various ch…
The conservation of energy from chemica…
metabolism
Anabolism
Catabolism
oxidation-reduction reactions
The term ____ applies to all of the che…
metabolism
____ is the process by which a cell is…
Anabolism