Study sets matching "microbiology test 4"
Study sets
Diagrams
Classes
Users
Normal (resident) flora
Microbiota
Microbial Antagonism
Transient Microbiota
Microbes that engage in mutual or commensal associations
the term for the microbes that are normally present in and on…
Prevents overgrowth of harmful microbes
microorganisms may be present for days, weeks or months and th…
Normal (resident) flora
Microbes that engage in mutual or commensal associations
Microbiota
the term for the microbes that are normally present in and on…
bacteriophage "growth" typically is a m…
for the bacteriophage "growth" curve sh…
a plaque assay determines the
which of the following is NOT a stage o…
????
eclipse period
number of bacteriophage in a sample
provirus formation
bacteriophage "growth" typically is a m…
????
for the bacteriophage "growth" curve sh…
eclipse period
Sterilization
disinfection
decontamination/sanitation
antisepsis/degermation
process that destroys or removes all life forms and viruses; m…
physical process or a chemical agent to destroy vegetative pat…
cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms a…
reduces the number of microbes on the human skin; a form of de…
Sterilization
process that destroys or removes all life forms and viruses; m…
disinfection
physical process or a chemical agent to destroy vegetative pat…
antimicrobial drugs
antibiotic
chemotherapy
selective Toxicity
synthetic substances that interfere with growth of microbes
substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts inhibit…
chemicals used to treat a disease
selectively finding and destroying pathogens without damaging…
antimicrobial drugs
synthetic substances that interfere with growth of microbes
antibiotic
substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts inhibit…
Factors that impact microbial growth on…
Host Factors that impact microflora on…
Enzymes in Saliva
Plaque. What is it and what does it con…
Moisture... pH (acidic)(Fatty acids)... Lysozyme
age... personal hygeine... diet
Lysozyme... Lactoperoxidase... (Amylase?)
A biofilm that forms on the teeth and gingiva (gums) that are…
Factors that impact microbial growth on…
Moisture... pH (acidic)(Fatty acids)... Lysozyme
Host Factors that impact microflora on…
age... personal hygeine... diet
Specific Immune System
B-Cells
T-Cells
Immunogen
Duality... Humoral (B-Cells)(B-lymphocytes)... Cellular (T-Cells)(T-…
Fetal liver development
Thymus gland
(Ag) Antigen
Specific Immune System
Duality... Humoral (B-Cells)(B-lymphocytes)... Cellular (T-Cells)(T-…
B-Cells
Fetal liver development
Resistance
Susceptibility
innate immunity
2 categories of Resistance
the ability to ward off pathogens
lack of resistance
NONspecific Immunity (our body's immunity to any kind of patho…
1) Innate Immunity... 2) Adaptive Immunity
Resistance
the ability to ward off pathogens
Susceptibility
lack of resistance
What are two ways to transfer genetic m…
What are 3 mechanisms of genetic exchan…
Transformation
Transduction
Vertical Gene Transfer and Horizontal/Lateral Gene Transfer (H…
transformation, transduction, conjugation
free DNA is incorporated into a recipient cell and brings abou…
a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) transfers DNA from one cell…
What are two ways to transfer genetic m…
Vertical Gene Transfer and Horizontal/Lateral Gene Transfer (H…
What are 3 mechanisms of genetic exchan…
transformation, transduction, conjugation
Barriers to Antigen Intrusion(1st line…
Display Phagocytic Activity(2nd line of…
Opsonization
Antigen
Intact epidermis and its secretions. Intact mucous membranes.…
Macrophages. Neutrophils. Eosinophils. Mast Cells.
Coating antigens make them easier to phagocytise. Antibody act…
Anything that can trigger an immune response.
Barriers to Antigen Intrusion(1st line…
Intact epidermis and its secretions. Intact mucous membranes.…
Display Phagocytic Activity(2nd line of…
Macrophages. Neutrophils. Eosinophils. Mast Cells.
Neutrophils 60%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophil 1%
Lymphocytes 30%
Phagocytize pathogen especially bacteria and releases enzymes…
releases chemical mediators to destroy parasitic worms, phagoc…
histamine and heparin during inflammatory or allergic reaction
antibodies, attack pathogens/abnormal/infected cells, coordina…
Neutrophils 60%
Phagocytize pathogen especially bacteria and releases enzymes…
Eosinophils 3%
releases chemical mediators to destroy parasitic worms, phagoc…
A-B toxins
adaptive immunity
Adenoviridae
Adhesins
consist of an active component that inhibits a cellular proces…
the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mo…
single linear dsDNA, one of causes of the cold, spread via res…
Molecules on the surfaces of pathogens that are able to recogn…
A-B toxins
consist of an active component that inhibits a cellular proces…
adaptive immunity
the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mo…
Pathogenicity
Virulence
ID 50
LD 50
The ability to cause disease... -may not have virulency
The extent of pathogenicity
Infectious does for 50% of a sample population... -measures virul…
Lethal dose for 50% of a sample population... -measures potency o…
Pathogenicity
The ability to cause disease... -may not have virulency
Virulence
The extent of pathogenicity
Organism for skin abscess
Organism for food poisoning
Organism for secondary infections
Organism for nosocomial infection
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Organism for skin abscess
Staphylococcus aureus
Organism for food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
4 ways to identify bacterial infections
Examples of sample collections
Phenotype
3 different types of phenotypes
- Sample collection... - Phenotypic... -Genotypic... - Immunologic
- Blood... - Fecal... - Urine... - Mucous... - Sterile fluids (blood and s…
Observation of microbe's micro/macroscopic morphology, physiol…
- Microscopic morphology... - Macroscopic morphology... - Biochemica…
4 ways to identify bacterial infections
- Sample collection... - Phenotypic... -Genotypic... - Immunologic
Examples of sample collections
- Blood... - Fecal... - Urine... - Mucous... - Sterile fluids (blood and s…
Know the signs and symptoms of tularemia
Know the organism that causes tularemia…
Know what types of tests are done to di…
Explain the reasons why Francisella tul…
Non specific, similar to other infections. Possible cut or ulc…
Francicella tularensis - spread by wild rodents and contact wi…
Two IgG or one test of IgM... two tests to confirm rising IgG = c…
Not easily cultured in laboratory setting. Too dangerous, must…
Know the signs and symptoms of tularemia
Non specific, similar to other infections. Possible cut or ulc…
Know the organism that causes tularemia…
Francicella tularensis - spread by wild rodents and contact wi…
Specific Immune System
innate
adaptive
Humoral Immune System
Duality... Humoral (B-Cells) (B-Leukocytes)... Cellular (T-Cells) (T…
Nonspecific Immune System
Specific Immune System
B-Cells
Specific Immune System
Duality... Humoral (B-Cells) (B-Leukocytes)... Cellular (T-Cells) (T…
innate
Nonspecific Immune System
Superficial Mycosis
Pityriasis Versicolor
Tinea Nigra
Black and white piedra
On the surface of the skin... On the stratum/cutaneous-thin, dead…
Superficial... Microsporum furfur... Lives on dead plants/animals... Ov…
Superficial... Exophiala Werneckii... Brown to black oval lesions on…
Superficial... Patches of mold white or black on scalp... May damage…
Superficial Mycosis
On the surface of the skin... On the stratum/cutaneous-thin, dead…
Pityriasis Versicolor
Superficial... Microsporum furfur... Lives on dead plants/animals... Ov…
Bacterial disease of gastrointestinal (…
Diseases of intestinal tract
Dysentery
Diarrhea
Most diseases result of ingestion of contaminated food or wate…
Infection vs. intoxication ... Intoxication - ingest preformed to…
diarrhea and blood and mucus
Condition of having 3 or more loose or liquid bowel movements…
Bacterial disease of gastrointestinal (…
Most diseases result of ingestion of contaminated food or wate…
Diseases of intestinal tract
Infection vs. intoxication ... Intoxication - ingest preformed to…
Chronic infection
acute disease
Koch's postulates
Symbiosis
Develops slowly reactions are less severe but continue or recu…
symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only a short ti…
1 same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease…
A close relationship between normal microbiota and the host. a…
Chronic infection
Develops slowly reactions are less severe but continue or recu…
acute disease
symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only a short ti…
epidemiology
morbidity
mortality
study of the occurrence, spread, factors, and control of healt…
incidence of a disease including fatal and nonfatal cases
incidence of death due to a disease
epidemiology
study of the occurrence, spread, factors, and control of healt…
morbidity
incidence of a disease including fatal and nonfatal cases
disease
infection
pathogen
signs
any condition where normal structure or function of the body i…
successful colonization of the host by a microbe
organism that is able to cause disease
objective and measurable characteristics
disease
any condition where normal structure or function of the body i…
infection
successful colonization of the host by a microbe
HW:... When water activity is low, an orga…
HW:... An unpressurized autoclave would no…
HW:... A bacterium containing __________ p…
HW:... A halotolerant facultative anaerobi…
-increase its internal solute concentration.
True
-catalase
oxygenated non-saline
HW:... When water activity is low, an orga…
-increase its internal solute concentration.
HW:... An unpressurized autoclave would no…
True
When activated both T- and B- cells pro…
Materials that work well as immunogens…
Surface receptors on immune system cell…
The only immunoglobin that is secreted…
True
proteins, lipoproteins, polysaccharides
- identification of self/non-self.... - communication.... - cell dev…
IgA
When activated both T- and B- cells pro…
True
Materials that work well as immunogens…
proteins, lipoproteins, polysaccharides