Study sets matching "microbiology test 4"
Study sets
Diagrams
Classes
Users
Pathogen
Immunity
Pathogenicity
Portal of Entry
disease causing agent
-production of Abs or chemicals that destroy pathogens... -the pr…
Variable concept; the ability of an organism to cause disease…
-Route of entry, how pathogen gets into the body... - Dependent o…
Pathogen
disease causing agent
Immunity
-production of Abs or chemicals that destroy pathogens... -the pr…
Sterilization
disinfection
decontamination/sanitation
antisepsis/degermation
process that destroys or removes all life forms and viruses; m…
physical process or a chemical agent to destroy vegetative pat…
cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms a…
reduces the number of microbes on the human skin; a form of de…
Sterilization
process that destroys or removes all life forms and viruses; m…
disinfection
physical process or a chemical agent to destroy vegetative pat…
1st line of defense
2nd line of defense(non-specific)
3rd line of defense(specific)
Intact skin
-intact skin... -mucous membranes & their secretions
-phagocytic white blood cells ... -inflammation -complement... -feve…
-B & T lymphocytes... -antibodies
formidable barrier made of tightly packed epithelial cells (th…
1st line of defense
-intact skin... -mucous membranes & their secretions
2nd line of defense(non-specific)
-phagocytic white blood cells ... -inflammation -complement... -feve…
Barriers to Antigen Intrusion(1st line…
Display Phagocytic Activity(2nd line of…
Opsonization
Antigen
Intact epidermis and its secretions. Intact mucous membranes.…
Macrophages. Neutrophils. Eosinophils. Mast Cells.
Coating antigens make them easier to phagocytise. Antibody act…
Anything that can trigger an immune response.
Barriers to Antigen Intrusion(1st line…
Intact epidermis and its secretions. Intact mucous membranes.…
Display Phagocytic Activity(2nd line of…
Macrophages. Neutrophils. Eosinophils. Mast Cells.
A-B toxins
adaptive immunity
Adenoviridae
Adhesins
consist of an active component that inhibits a cellular proces…
the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mo…
single linear dsDNA, one of causes of the cold, spread via res…
Molecules on the surfaces of pathogens that are able to recogn…
A-B toxins
consist of an active component that inhibits a cellular proces…
adaptive immunity
the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mo…
Restriction Enzyme
Prokaryotes ; eukaryotes
Defense
Methylation
recognize specific base sequences within DNA (recognition sequ…
recognition enzymes are common in _________, rare in _________…
restriction enzymes are a ___________ mechanism against hostil…
Restriction enzymes sense the __________ at specific base pair…
Restriction Enzyme
recognize specific base sequences within DNA (recognition sequ…
Prokaryotes ; eukaryotes
recognition enzymes are common in _________, rare in _________…
Normal Flora... 1. Resident... 2. Transient
skin
the gut
vagina in females
What are microorganisms that occupy human bodies in a mutualis…
Where does Staphylococcus aureus occur at in the body?
Where does Escherichia coli occur on the body?
Where does Micrococcus luteus occur on the body?
Normal Flora... 1. Resident... 2. Transient
What are microorganisms that occupy human bodies in a mutualis…
skin
Where does Staphylococcus aureus occur at in the body?
disease
infection
pathogen
signs
any condition where normal structure or function of the body i…
successful colonization of the host by a microbe
organism that is able to cause disease
objective and measurable characteristics
disease
any condition where normal structure or function of the body i…
infection
successful colonization of the host by a microbe
handwashing
chicken pox
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
1- Headache... 2- painful/stiff neck... 3- fe…
best defense against viral airborne diseases (2nd to vaccines)
- caused by HHV-3... - transmitted by droplet contact
most prevalent respiratory infection in newborns
3 symptoms common with meningitis
handwashing
best defense against viral airborne diseases (2nd to vaccines)
chicken pox
- caused by HHV-3... - transmitted by droplet contact
lysozyme
first line of defense
second line of defense
respiratory tract
the chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the pep…
chemical and physical barrier such as: skin, mucus, ciliate ep…
phagocytic white blood cells are components of the body's....
the body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep micro…
lysozyme
the chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the pep…
first line of defense
chemical and physical barrier such as: skin, mucus, ciliate ep…
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Actinomyces (actinomycosis)
streptomyces
Nocardia (Nocardiosis)
direct contact or droplets... waxy cell wall... potent exotoxin
normal flora of human mouth... prokaryotic
source of many antibiotics and chemistry
cause disease of lungs similar to TB... spread via blood througho…
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
direct contact or droplets... waxy cell wall... potent exotoxin
Actinomyces (actinomycosis)
normal flora of human mouth... prokaryotic
Stye... Faruncle... Carbuncle... Boils... Pimples... I…
Pneumonia... Carditis... Meningitis... TSS... Scald…
Coagulase
TSS toxin... Exfoliating toxin A and B... Ent…
Staphylococcus skin diseases... S aureus... S pyogenes
Staph aureus diseases
Enzyme that Staph aureus secretes... Makes fibrin clots and secre…
Superantigens from staph aureus... Enterotoxins cause food poison…
Stye... Faruncle... Carbuncle... Boils... Pimples... I…
Staphylococcus skin diseases... S aureus... S pyogenes
Pneumonia... Carditis... Meningitis... TSS... Scald…
Staph aureus diseases
First Line of Defense
Second Line of Defense
Third Line of Defense
Functions of Inflamation
Intact skin & Tears ... Mucous Membranes & their Secretions... Norma…
Phagocytes... Neutrophils... Eosinophils... Dendric cells... Macrophages... I…
Specialized Lymphocytes: T&B cells ... Antibodies
Destroy and Remove & Wall Off an Injurious Agent ... Repair Tissu…
First Line of Defense
Intact skin & Tears ... Mucous Membranes & their Secretions... Norma…
Second Line of Defense
Phagocytes... Neutrophils... Eosinophils... Dendric cells... Macrophages... I…
HW:... When water activity is low, an orga…
HW:... An unpressurized autoclave would no…
HW:... A bacterium containing __________ p…
HW:... A halotolerant facultative anaerobi…
-increase its internal solute concentration.
True
-catalase
oxygenated non-saline
HW:... When water activity is low, an orga…
-increase its internal solute concentration.
HW:... An unpressurized autoclave would no…
True
Exon
Codon
Genome
Microbial Genomes
A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information codi…
A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of g…
Sum total of genetic material of a cell. (chromosomes + mitoch…
-Bacterial chromosomes are a single circular loop.... -Eukaryoti…
Exon
A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information codi…
Codon
A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of g…
Folliculitis
Staphyloccal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS…
Impetigo (Pyoderma) + Erysipelas
Necrotizing Fasciitis
SYMPTOMS: Infection of hair follicle. Pimples. STY when close…
SYMPTOMS: Skin becomes red + wrinkled + forms blisters. Outer…
SYMPTOMS: Impedigo: Red patches on face + limbs... Erysipelas: In…
SYMPTOMS: Redness, intense pain, swelling at site of infection…
Folliculitis
SYMPTOMS: Infection of hair follicle. Pimples. STY when close…
Staphyloccal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS…
SYMPTOMS: Skin becomes red + wrinkled + forms blisters. Outer…
clade
random mutation
natural selection
reductive (degenerative) evolution
a group of species that share a common ancestor
as the chromosome replicates, errors result in mutations
in an environment, some genes are under selection pressure
loss or mutation of DNA encoding unselected traits
clade
a group of species that share a common ancestor
random mutation
as the chromosome replicates, errors result in mutations
a cytokine released when mast cells and…
natural human chemical that inhibits vi…
a chemical substance produced by white…
elevated host body temperature. can be…
histamine
interferon
cytokine
fever
a cytokine released when mast cells and…
histamine
natural human chemical that inhibits vi…
interferon
Antimicrobial Agents
Chemotherapeutic agents
Paul Ehrlich
Alexander Fleming
Drugs that treat infections
Drugs that act against diseases
"Magic bullets"... Arsenic compounds that killed microbes... who ca…
Penicillin released from Penicillium (1929)... who invented it
Antimicrobial Agents
Drugs that treat infections
Chemotherapeutic agents
Drugs that act against diseases
Integument
Integument consist of
Skin
Sebum
forms the boundary between the human and the environment.
hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands--NO BLOOD VESS…
total surface area of 1.5 to 2 meters. Thickness ranges from 1…
low pH makes the skin inhospitable to microorganisms HAS LYSOZ…
Integument
forms the boundary between the human and the environment.
Integument consist of
hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands--NO BLOOD VESS…
Susceptibility
Immunity
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Lack of resistance to a disease
Ability to ward off diseases
Defenses against any pathogen. We are born with.... First and sec…
Immunity, resistance to a specific pathogen.
Susceptibility
Lack of resistance to a disease
Immunity
Ability to ward off diseases
Stromatolites
Cyanobacteria hopanoids
Biosignatures
Banded iron formations (BIFs)
-the earliest form of life for which we have clear fossil evid…
steriod-like membrane molecules that are particularly durable
Chemical indicators of life... --isotope ratios:if the rations be…
-an extraordinary event in the planet's history was the evolut…
Stromatolites
-the earliest form of life for which we have clear fossil evid…
Cyanobacteria hopanoids
steriod-like membrane molecules that are particularly durable
CHAPTER 21: Otitis Media, Sinusitis, Ma…
Pharyngitis
Scarlett Fever
Diptheria
-Middle ear, mastoid cavity, and sinuses are... connected to the…
A classic infection is strep throat.... Caused by Streptococcus…
-Strep a infection ... -Toxin secreted that causes a bad rash ... -s…
-Caused by the toxin produced by... -Corynebacterium diphtheriae…
CHAPTER 21: Otitis Media, Sinusitis, Ma…
-Middle ear, mastoid cavity, and sinuses are... connected to the…
Pharyngitis
A classic infection is strep throat.... Caused by Streptococcus…