Study sets matching "neurobio"
Study sets
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Classes
Users
Chemical transmission from pre-postsyna…
What happens to Vm when a channel opens?
Inhibitory
Excitatory
NT from pre-->receptors at post-->channels open-->ions flow in
Ions going through the channel dictate what happens
no action potential created, ex. K+, -80mV
action potential created, nerst above threshold, ex. Na+, +60mv
Chemical transmission from pre-postsyna…
NT from pre-->receptors at post-->channels open-->ions flow in
What happens to Vm when a channel opens?
Ions going through the channel dictate what happens
Main regions of the brain
Primary vesicles
Secondary vesicles
Adult Structures
Forebrain, Hindbrain, Midbrain
Forebrain, hindbrain, midbrain
Forebrain: telencephalon and diancephelon, Midbrain: Mesenceph…
Telecephalon --> cerebrum. Diancephelon --> Thalamus and hypot…
Main regions of the brain
Forebrain, Hindbrain, Midbrain
Primary vesicles
Forebrain, hindbrain, midbrain
Reductionism
Emergence
Determinism
Name the "zones" of the axon and their…
-High level causes can be reduced to nothing more than the out…
-Organisms have properties that do not exist within the elemen…
-All events are determined by causes external to the will
Input zone - dendrites/cell body... Integration zone - "neck" of…
Reductionism
-High level causes can be reduced to nothing more than the out…
Emergence
-Organisms have properties that do not exist within the elemen…
astrocytes
microglial cells
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
exchange of material between neurons and capillaries
immune defense against invading microorganisms
secrete cerebrospinal fluid
make up myelin sheath in CNS
astrocytes
exchange of material between neurons and capillaries
microglial cells
immune defense against invading microorganisms
integrative biopsychosocial model - fac…
Neurobiochemical hypothesis. - affectiv…
Neurobio - affective
Neurobio - other findings - affective d…
genetic predisposition... somatic stressor... - disease, medis…
Monoamine deficiency hypothesis... - deficient NA and 5-HT in sy…
Second messenger system (Lithium, valproate, Carbamazepine)... B…
REM sleep prolonged... REM latency and 1REM phase prolongation... H…
integrative biopsychosocial model - fac…
genetic predisposition... somatic stressor... - disease, medis…
Neurobiochemical hypothesis. - affectiv…
Monoamine deficiency hypothesis... - deficient NA and 5-HT in sy…
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Diencephalon
hypothalamus
Brain and Spinal cord
Everything else... Somatic Nervous System: Nerves that innervate…
includes the hypothalamus and thalamus... - main job to informati…
regulates many aspects of homeostasis (like body temp), it con…
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Everything else... Somatic Nervous System: Nerves that innervate…
The CNS contains the __ and __ __; the…
White matter: aggregation of __ in the…
Grey matter: aggregation of __ __ in th…
Commissure: a bundle of nerve fibers wh…
brain; spinal cord; cranial; spinal; nerves
fibers (tracts)
cell bodies
midline
The CNS contains the __ and __ __; the…
brain; spinal cord; cranial; spinal; nerves
White matter: aggregation of __ in the…
fibers (tracts)
Adolescence
Puberty
Optogenetics
Limbic System (functions)
stage in a person's life where they are undergoing social and…
Hormonoal and physical change that results in the ability to s…
technique in which a gene-encoding opsin under the control of…
Emotion, motivation, learning and memory
Adolescence
stage in a person's life where they are undergoing social and…
Puberty
Hormonoal and physical change that results in the ability to s…
morphogens
Shh
BMP and Wnts
notochord
substances released by signalling centres and somites whose no…
morphogen released by the Floor plate -> induces motor neurons
morphogens released by the roof plate which induce differentia…
cells in the mesoderm which induce thickening of the ectoderm…
morphogens
substances released by signalling centres and somites whose no…
Shh
morphogen released by the Floor plate -> induces motor neurons
central nervous system (CNS)
sensory information vs. visceral inform…
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
somatic senses
division of the nervous system that includes the *brain and sp…
sensory information = external environment... visceral informatio…
division of the nervous system that contains *nerves that prov…
Sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, proprioception, an…
central nervous system (CNS)
division of the nervous system that includes the *brain and sp…
sensory information vs. visceral inform…
sensory information = external environment... visceral informatio…
Cerebrum
cerebellum
• Tegmentum
tectum
In general, the right cerebral hemisphere receives sensations…
Left cerebellum is concerned with movements of the left side o…
o Motor ... o Attention and alertness... o Autonomic function... o It c…
o Superior colliculus... Orientating, eye movements... o Inferior c…
Cerebrum
In general, the right cerebral hemisphere receives sensations…
cerebellum
Left cerebellum is concerned with movements of the left side o…
Learning
memory
short term memory
long term memory
process by which an animal can modify behavior as a result of…
process by which information is sored and retrieved
associated with changes in the release and function of neurotr…
associated with changes in structures and/or function of synap…
Learning
process by which an animal can modify behavior as a result of…
memory
process by which information is sored and retrieved
When is most neural circuitry establish…
what are adaptive adjustments based on…
what is a sensitive period?
why is a sensitive period essential?
Most neural circuitry is established prenatally, guided by gen…
use or quality of performance, the developing nervous system c…
period in which the capacity for adjustment in response to exp…
if appropriate experience is not gained during a sensitive per…
When is most neural circuitry establish…
Most neural circuitry is established prenatally, guided by gen…
what are adaptive adjustments based on…
use or quality of performance, the developing nervous system c…
neuron
glia
Nissl Stain
neurofilaments
sense change in the environment, communicate these changes to…
contribute to brain function by insulating, supporting and nou…
distinguishes between neurons and glia and it enables histolog…
intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments,…
neuron
sense change in the environment, communicate these changes to…
glia
contribute to brain function by insulating, supporting and nou…
Dendrites
axon
myelin sheath
action potential
receive messages from other cells
passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, musc…
protects the axon, speed up
A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down…
Dendrites
receive messages from other cells
axon
passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, musc…
Glial Cells
Three Types of Glial Cells
Astrocytes
Phagocytosis
Type of supporting cell... Glue + buffer neurons ... Hold neurons i…
Astrocytes... Oligodendrocytes... Microglia
Provide physical support to neurons... Produce chemicals + nutri…
Astrocyte's processes--pseudopodia--engulf other cells or debr…
Glial Cells
Type of supporting cell... Glue + buffer neurons ... Hold neurons i…
Three Types of Glial Cells
Astrocytes... Oligodendrocytes... Microglia
neocortex layers 1-3 layer 4, 5 and 6
pyramidal cells
stellate cells
3 types of white matter fiber tracts
layers 1-3 input and output (talk) to other cortical areas. la…
projection neurons that are excitatory
stay local, local circuit both excitatory and inhibitory
association, commissural, and projection
neocortex layers 1-3 layer 4, 5 and 6
layers 1-3 input and output (talk) to other cortical areas. la…
pyramidal cells
projection neurons that are excitatory
Lower Motor Neurons
Local circuit neurons
Muscle type 1... Slow (S) motor units:
Muscle type 2... Fast fatigable (FF) motor…
send their axons out of the brainstem and spinal cord to inner…
are the major source of synaptic input to the lower motor neur…
1.important for activities that require sustained muscular con…
Important for brief extensions that require large forces, such…
Lower Motor Neurons
send their axons out of the brainstem and spinal cord to inner…
Local circuit neurons
are the major source of synaptic input to the lower motor neur…
FM area
"Acoustic fovea"
CF area
Neuropil region of ganglion
neurons respond to a specific delay time corresponding to dist…
the area of the FM area bordering the bats ultrasonic frequency
has neurons that selectively respond to flutter typical of a f…
dendrites and axon terminals making synaptic connections
FM area
neurons respond to a specific delay time corresponding to dist…
"Acoustic fovea"
the area of the FM area bordering the bats ultrasonic frequency