Study sets matching "pharm pharmacology 4"
Study sets
Diagrams
Classes
Users
Bacitracin
Mupirocin
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Neomycin and gentamicin
Antibacterial... MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis... Indications: G…
Antibacterial... MOA: Binds to bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetas…
Antibacterial... MOA: binds PL and increases permeability in the…
Antibacterial... MOA: Binds 30s and inhibits protein synthesis... In…
Bacitracin
Antibacterial... MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis... Indications: G…
Mupirocin
Antibacterial... MOA: Binds to bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetas…
What are the types of thyroid hormone t…
What molecule is needed for thyroxine t…
Which form of thyroid hormone is the ac…
How are T3 and T4 created?
Replacement therapy... Inhibition of hormone synthesis/release... In…
Iodine
T3 or triiodothyronine
Diiodotyrosine and monoiodityrosine are combined via coupling…
What are the types of thyroid hormone t…
Replacement therapy... Inhibition of hormone synthesis/release... In…
What molecule is needed for thyroxine t…
Iodine
Adrenergic
Cholinergic
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous sytem
Sympathetic "fight or flight"... Thoracolumbar... Short presynaptic…
Parasympathetic "rest and digest"... Craniosacral... Long presynapti…
1 motor neuron
2 motor neurons
Adrenergic
Sympathetic "fight or flight"... Thoracolumbar... Short presynaptic…
Cholinergic
Parasympathetic "rest and digest"... Craniosacral... Long presynapti…
nitroglycerin
nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
nitroprusside
• This drug stimulates guanylate cyclase --> increased cGMP --…
• This drug is used for Tx of angina, and is often taken w/a B…
• This drug is used for hypertensive crises and acute aortic c…
• Contact of this drug w/RBCs leads to release of NO and metab…
nitroglycerin
• This drug stimulates guanylate cyclase --> increased cGMP --…
nitroglycerin
• This drug is used for Tx of angina, and is often taken w/a B…
pure food and drug act of 1906
food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938
food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938
food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938
prohibited the interstate sale and transmission of harmful or…
required manufacturers to file a new drug application
required manufacturers to prove new drugs were safe to use
created FDA and authorized FDA to carry out inspections
pure food and drug act of 1906
prohibited the interstate sale and transmission of harmful or…
food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938
required manufacturers to file a new drug application
Agents used to treat DM
Anterior pituitary hormones
Diabetics are at increased risk for:
Oral health in diabetics is linked to:
- insulins... - Sulfonylureas... - Meglitinides... - Biguanides... - Thiaz…
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (T4, T3)
-periodontal disease... - fungal infections... - poor post-op healing
glucose homeostasis
Agents used to treat DM
- insulins... - Sulfonylureas... - Meglitinides... - Biguanides... - Thiaz…
Anterior pituitary hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (T4, T3)
Monoamine hypothesis of depression
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors…
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors…
Half-life of fluoxetine vs other SSRIs
changes in serotonin or norepinephrine signaling in the brain
- fluoxetine HCl (Prozac)... - citalopram (Celexa)... - escitalopram…
• SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin,... leading to increased…
Much longer half-life (4-5 days) - available as a sustained re…
Monoamine hypothesis of depression
changes in serotonin or norepinephrine signaling in the brain
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors…
- fluoxetine HCl (Prozac)... - citalopram (Celexa)... - escitalopram…
HTN physiology
HTN: primary vs secondary
controlling HTN
basic targets for treating HTN
1. excessive vascular volume, ... 2. low compliance of vasculatur…
1. primary: ... - essential HTN... - no clear cause... 2. secondary HTN…
- frequently >1 drug to control BP... - start with 1 or more agen…
1. direct cardiac agents... - impact HR, contractility, conductiv…
HTN physiology
1. excessive vascular volume, ... 2. low compliance of vasculatur…
HTN: primary vs secondary
1. primary: ... - essential HTN... - no clear cause... 2. secondary HTN…
Ventricular Myocytes
Pacemaker Cells
Arrhythmia
What are the anti-arrhythmic drugs?
Phase 0 = fast acting Na channels open and cause rapid depolar…
Main ion is Ca. Funny type Na channels are open which increase…
Deviation from the normal HR. ... Can be caused by automaticity…
Class I = blocks or slows depolarization (phase 0). Can lead t…
Ventricular Myocytes
Phase 0 = fast acting Na channels open and cause rapid depolar…
Pacemaker Cells
Main ion is Ca. Funny type Na channels are open which increase…
Alpha1
ALPHA2
B1
B2
q; Increase in smooth muscle contraction, increase in pupillar…
i; Decrease in sympathetic (adrenergic) outflow, decrease in i…
s; Increase in heart rate, increase in contractility, increase…
s; Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase in lipolysis, incre…
Alpha1
q; Increase in smooth muscle contraction, increase in pupillar…
ALPHA2
i; Decrease in sympathetic (adrenergic) outflow, decrease in i…
Dextromethorphan
Codeine
Other Centrally Acting Antitussives
Demulcents
- MOA: Centrally acting antitussive -- depress medullary cough…
- MOA: Centrally acting antitussive -- depress medullary cough…
- Non-narcotic: chlophedianol, levopropoxyphene, noscapine... - N…
- MOA: Peripherally acting antitussive -- form a protective co…
Dextromethorphan
- MOA: Centrally acting antitussive -- depress medullary cough…
Codeine
- MOA: Centrally acting antitussive -- depress medullary cough…
Another name for the sympathetic nervou…
What is neurotransmitter is released by…
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons targe…
What is released at the Adrenal Medulla?
Adrenergic System
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic Receptors (at the ganglion), or the Adrenal Medulla
Epi/Norepi
Another name for the sympathetic nervou…
Adrenergic System
What is neurotransmitter is released by…
Acetylcholine
General treatment strategies for Type 1…
What are the 4 types of insulin prepara…
Rapid acting insulin preparation: mecha…
Short acting insulin preparation: clini…
Type 1: low carb diet, insulin replacement... Type 2: dietary mo…
Rapid acting... Short acting... Intermediate acting... Long acting... New…
Mechanism: binds insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity),…
Clinical Use: type 1, 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus; DK…
General treatment strategies for Type 1…
Type 1: low carb diet, insulin replacement... Type 2: dietary mo…
What are the 4 types of insulin prepara…
Rapid acting... Short acting... Intermediate acting... Long acting... New…
pancreatic function
pancreatic islets
insulin's effect on liver
insulin's effect on muscle
- unique endo and exocrine organ... - exocrine = digestive enzyme…
- 4 cell types:... - A = glucagon... - B = insulin... - D = somatostati…
1. reversal of catabolic reactions... - inhibits glycogenolysis... -…
1. increased protein synthesis... - increases amino acid transpor…
pancreatic function
- unique endo and exocrine organ... - exocrine = digestive enzyme…
pancreatic islets
- 4 cell types:... - A = glucagon... - B = insulin... - D = somatostati…
drug interaction
chemical name
generic names
brand name
characterized by an increase or decrease in the effectiveness…
the name that describes the chemical composition and molecular…
non trademarked names of drugs, also common name or nonproprie…
name for drug that is trademarked by manufacturer. can be a wo…
drug interaction
characterized by an increase or decrease in the effectiveness…
chemical name
the name that describes the chemical composition and molecular…
1. Distinguish between a drugs chemical…
2. List the resources for pharmaceutica…
3. Briefly describe the process of drug…
4. Describe the important components of…
Chemical Name: this name is the chemical structural formula na…
USP: United States Pharmacopoeia: this is the official volume…
This is a very lengthy process, often lasting 10-12 years. It…
-Name, address, and date... -Superscription (R x means "recipe" o…
1. Distinguish between a drugs chemical…
Chemical Name: this name is the chemical structural formula na…
2. List the resources for pharmaceutica…
USP: United States Pharmacopoeia: this is the official volume…
effect of age increase on drug absorpti…
effect of age increase on drug distribu…
Effect of age increase on drug metaboli…
mixed-function oxidase system
decreased intestinal blood flow, surface area, intestinal moti…
decreased body mass: drug concent. higher in body... decrease pla…
(overall decreases with age, increases drug action)... decrease i…
DMMS that decrease with age and slow the rate of drug oxidatio…
effect of age increase on drug absorpti…
decreased intestinal blood flow, surface area, intestinal moti…
effect of age increase on drug distribu…
decreased body mass: drug concent. higher in body... decrease pla…
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Afferent division of CNS
Efferent Division of CNS
Fight or flight - speeds things up. Stress related responses…
Controls resting state. Rest or digest. Normally this has domi…
Sensory info from body to the brain Direction is towards CNS
brain impulses. Commands start from CNS out to periphery.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or flight - speeds things up. Stress related responses…
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Controls resting state. Rest or digest. Normally this has domi…
Sympathetic input (beta‐1) effect on ca…
Parasympathetic input (M‐2) effect on c…
4 classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs
Class I: Na+ channel blockers mech of a…
Sympathetic input (beta‐1) opens Na+ and Ca++ channels during…
Parasympathetic input (M‐2) opens K+ channels in SA pacemaker…
class I -- Na+ channel blockers... class II -- beta-1 blockers... cl…
Decrease automaticity in SA node and decrease conduction veloc…
Sympathetic input (beta‐1) effect on ca…
Sympathetic input (beta‐1) opens Na+ and Ca++ channels during…
Parasympathetic input (M‐2) effect on c…
Parasympathetic input (M‐2) opens K+ channels in SA pacemaker…
Hemicholine
Botulinum Toxin
AChE inhibitors
Receptor Agonist and Antagonists
blocks the uptake of choline (decrease ACh production)
Prevent ACh release... Botox Local injection: muscle paralysis (d…
enhance synaptic ACh
block postjunctional receptors N and M
Hemicholine
blocks the uptake of choline (decrease ACh production)
Botulinum Toxin
Prevent ACh release... Botox Local injection: muscle paralysis (d…
What secretes amino acid derivatives?
What secretes steriods?
What secretes polypeptides and proteins…
Amino acid derivatives are also known a…
thyroid and adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex and sex glands
hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas
tyrosine
What secretes amino acid derivatives?
thyroid and adrenal medulla
What secretes steriods?
adrenal cortex and sex glands
What is a hormone?
Primary uses for hormonal drugs
Characteristics of type 1 DM
Characteristics of type 2 DM
endogenous chemical, affects target tissue
- replacement... - increase hormone affect... - manipulate hormone c…
- juvenile onset... - low insulin... - normal response to insulin... -…
- adult onset... - normal/high insulin... - decreased response to in…
What is a hormone?
endogenous chemical, affects target tissue
Primary uses for hormonal drugs
- replacement... - increase hormone affect... - manipulate hormone c…
Hydromorphone is also known as______
In 1970, The Controlled Substances act…
No Recognzied medical use.... High abuse p…
Written prescription required.... High abu…
Dilaudid
5 categories/ schedules of drugs
Schedule 1
Schedule II
Hydromorphone is also known as______
Dilaudid
In 1970, The Controlled Substances act…
5 categories/ schedules of drugs
5 Lifestyle Risk Factors for Hypertensi…
____% of adults in U.S. have hypertensi…
Beginning at _____/_____ mmHg, cardiova…
BP classifications
-- Excessive body weight... -- Excessive Na+ intake... -- Reduced ph…
30%
-- 115/75 mmHg... -- each increment of 20/10 mmHg
5 Lifestyle Risk Factors for Hypertensi…
-- Excessive body weight... -- Excessive Na+ intake... -- Reduced ph…
____% of adults in U.S. have hypertensi…
30%
Toxicology
Contraindications
Adverse effect
Pharmacodynamics
study of poisons and organ toxicity
situations when a drug should not be used
harmful effects of a drug
action/effects a drug has on the body and the mechanisms of th…
Toxicology
study of poisons and organ toxicity
Contraindications
situations when a drug should not be used