pharmacology Flashcards
Browse 500 sets of pharmacology flashcards
STUDY CONSIDERATIONS
Pharmacokinetics
4 Characteristics of Pharmacokinetics
1. Absorption
INDICATIONS - why giving certain products?... NURSING ACTIONS... PAT…
movement of drugs within the body
1. Absorption... 2. Distribution... 3. Metabolism (AKA biotransforma…
Movement of drugs from their site of administration into the v…
STUDY CONSIDERATIONS
INDICATIONS - why giving certain products?... NURSING ACTIONS... PAT…
Pharmacokinetics
movement of drugs within the body
What are the major functions of the α1…
What are the major functions of the α2…
What are the major functions of the β1…
What are the major functions of the β2…
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillar…
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrea…
Increase heart rate, increase contractility, increase renin re…
Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase lipolysis, increase in…
What are the major functions of the α1…
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillar…
What are the major functions of the α2…
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrea…
An experienced nurse has completed a ph…
Any pill with _____ in its name is a…
The nurse is caring for a client with p…
Before prescribing, the health care pr…
"Liquid medications have a slower onset than capsules."
SR, LA, XL, or XR
Gender
- How the drug is given; the health care provider must determ…
An experienced nurse has completed a ph…
"Liquid medications have a slower onset than capsules."
Any pill with _____ in its name is a…
SR, LA, XL, or XR
List all acceptable routes of administr…
What is the appropriate 2nd dose of Ami…
In a hemodynamically stable patient wit…
In the bradycardia with a pulse algorit…
Epinephrine may be administered via IV, IO, or ETT.*... *NOTE: ET…
The appropriate 2nd dose of Amiodarone in a v-fib v-tach arres…
In a hemodynamically stable patient with a heart rate of 40, c…
Infusions of dopamine OR epinephrine can be considered if atro…
List all acceptable routes of administr…
Epinephrine may be administered via IV, IO, or ETT.*... *NOTE: ET…
What is the appropriate 2nd dose of Ami…
The appropriate 2nd dose of Amiodarone in a v-fib v-tach arres…
What is the most important variable to…
Pharmokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Oral Consumption of a Drug
Efficacy!
"what the body does to the drug"... relationship between dosage…
"what the drug does to the body"... -relationship between the dr…
Drug is absorbed through the blood stream ... -Brought to the liv…
What is the most important variable to…
Efficacy!
Pharmokinetics
"what the body does to the drug"... relationship between dosage…
What are the major functions of the α1…
What are the major functions of the α2…
What are the major functions of the β1…
What are the major functions of the β2…
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillar…
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrea…
Increase heart rate, increase contractility, increase renin re…
Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase lipolysis, increase in…
What are the major functions of the α1…
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillar…
What are the major functions of the α2…
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrea…
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Atropine
Aspirin (ASA)
Class: Antiarrhythmic... Indications: VF/VT and VT with a pulse…
Class: Antiarrhythmic... ... Indications: Symptomatic SVT... - Initia…
Class: Anticholinergic... Indications: Symptomatic Bradycardia…
Class: NSAID, platelet aggregate ... Indications: STEMI, Chest P…
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Class: Antiarrhythmic... Indications: VF/VT and VT with a pulse…
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Class: Antiarrhythmic... ... Indications: Symptomatic SVT... - Initia…
Side effects of anti-cholinergic drugs…
Side effects of cholinergic drugs
Side effects of benzodiazepines (for sl…
Nursing education needed when switching…
Supresses the rest and digest response; dry mouth and eyes, bl…
Enhances rest and digest response (give with Dr. present); sti…
Dizziness, drowsiness, mental depression, blurred vision, cons…
Abrupt discontinuation may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, h…
Side effects of anti-cholinergic drugs…
Supresses the rest and digest response; dry mouth and eyes, bl…
Side effects of cholinergic drugs
Enhances rest and digest response (give with Dr. present); sti…
Drug metabolism
Pharmacokinetics
4 main processes to Pharmacokinetics
Drug absorption
liver
What the body does to drugs
-absorption... -metabolism... -distribution... -excertion
when a drug enters the blood stream from the site of administr…
Drug metabolism
liver
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to drugs
Pharmacology
what is a drug
Drug Nomenclature
Drug Resources
the study of drugs... -Toxicology (study of environmental toxins)…
any chemical that changes the processes of living
Chemical name: N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (development stage) ... Ge…
1. physicians desk reference (PDR)... 2. Nursing drug guides (mos…
Pharmacology
the study of drugs... -Toxicology (study of environmental toxins)…
what is a drug
any chemical that changes the processes of living
Amantadine
Ribavirin
Oseltamivir
Pralidoxime
Prevents viral assembly, inhibits viral release with interacti…
Inhibits viral RNA polymerase activity and RNA fragment initia…
Inhibitor of neuraminidases of influenza A and B viruses; prev…
Antidote to organophosphorus anticholinergics; it reactivates…
Amantadine
Prevents viral assembly, inhibits viral release with interacti…
Ribavirin
Inhibits viral RNA polymerase activity and RNA fragment initia…
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)... Classification
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)... Uses
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)... Considerations…
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)... Labs to Check
Analgesic, Antipyretic (NOT anti-inflammatory)
Fever... Mild pain... (works thru hypothalamus to reduce fever has s…
Can OD :poison control >6gm, must be treated ... Antidote: Mucomi…
Liver function
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)... Classification
Analgesic, Antipyretic (NOT anti-inflammatory)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)... Uses
Fever... Mild pain... (works thru hypothalamus to reduce fever has s…
What the body does to the drug ... Absorpt…
Solubility : lipid soluble drugs ... Conc…
Drugs that donates protons (HA) they ar…
Drugs that accept protons they are perm…
Pharmacokinetics deals with
Drug permeation depends on
Weak acid drugs are
Weak base drugs are
What the body does to the drug ... Absorpt…
Pharmacokinetics deals with
Solubility : lipid soluble drugs ... Conc…
Drug permeation depends on
What are the major functions of the α1…
What are the major functions of the α2…
What are the major functions of the β1…
What are the major functions of the β2…
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillar…
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrea…
Increase heart rate, increase contractility, increase renin re…
Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase lipolysis, increase in…
What are the major functions of the α1…
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillar…
What are the major functions of the α2…
Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrea…
What is a drug?
FDA
USDA
EPA
any substance other than food that affects our bodies or minds
Food and Drug Administration
United States Department of Agriculture
Environmental Protection Agency
What is a drug?
any substance other than food that affects our bodies or minds
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
WHAT IS I PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacology
History of medicines and their use
Insulin was discovered by
The study of drugs and their
study of drugs and their effects on the body and their interac…
Plants used for millennia to treat illness, Earliest records f…
Banting and Best
WHAT IS I PHARMACOLOGY
The study of drugs and their
Pharmacology
study of drugs and their effects on the body and their interac…
Aminoglycosides USES AND DRUGS
idiosyncratic
Idiopathic
Chloramphenicol (Liquichlor)
-pneumonia... -enteritis... -conjunctivitis... -endometritis... DRUG... To…
unusual (rare) or unexpected (unpredictable) response to a drug
disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which th…
Not allowed in food animals because is causes aplastic anemia…
Aminoglycosides USES AND DRUGS
-pneumonia... -enteritis... -conjunctivitis... -endometritis... DRUG... To…
idiosyncratic
unusual (rare) or unexpected (unpredictable) response to a drug
What is a prescription?
What is a medication order?
What are some causes of medication erro…
What are the elements of a prescription?
An order for a medication to be dispensed to the user, who wil…
Request for medication to be administered to a patient by a th…
Sound-alike med names... Duration of treatment... Clinician distract…
Patient name, address... Clinician name, address, tel #... Date... Medi…
What is a prescription?
An order for a medication to be dispensed to the user, who wil…
What is a medication order?
Request for medication to be administered to a patient by a th…
With reference to drug standards, the l…
The pure food and drug Act of 1906 esta…
In 1970, a new department called the __…
_______ and ________ health care profes…
Strength, quality, purity
USP national formulary
Drug enforcement administration
Trained and certified
With reference to drug standards, the l…
Strength, quality, purity
The pure food and drug Act of 1906 esta…
USP national formulary
Antivirals Side Effects
Antivirals Considerations
dilute in D5W or NS for IV administrati…
infuse greater over greater than 1 hour
Nausea and vomiting... Diarrhea
-take with food... -gloves with topical applications
acyclovir
acyclovir
Antivirals Side Effects
Nausea and vomiting... Diarrhea
Antivirals Considerations
-take with food... -gloves with topical applications
Enzyme Kinetics Equation
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics:... Km & Vmax
Lineweaver-Burk Plot
Competitive Inhibitor, Reversible:... Comp…
Vmax: ... - Vmax is Directly Proportional to *Enzyme Concentrat…
Y-Intercept: 1/Vmax ... X-Intercept: 1/Km... - ↑Y-intercept, ↓Vmax…
Enzyme Kinetics Equation
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics:... Km & Vmax
Vmax: ... - Vmax is Directly Proportional to *Enzyme Concentrat…
Absoprtion
Adverse Effect
Active Transport
ADME
The movement of a drug from its site of administration into th…
General term for an undesirable and potentially harmful drug e…
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region…
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (the key…
Absoprtion
The movement of a drug from its site of administration into th…
Adverse Effect
General term for an undesirable and potentially harmful drug e…
Pharmacokinetics is the area of pharmac…
Identify a difference between agonists…
Which of the following would not be con…
Drugs, such as thalidomide, that produc…
The processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, an…
Agonists bind to specific receptors to trigger a drug action,…
Extravasation
Teratogens
Pharmacokinetics is the area of pharmac…
The processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, an…
Identify a difference between agonists…
Agonists bind to specific receptors to trigger a drug action,…