Study sets matching "pulmonary"
Study sets
Diagrams
Classes
Users
Only gene proven for COPD susceptibility
Mechanism of Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficie…
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Major F…
Genetics of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficie…
SERPINA1
Serine protease inhibitor, major inhibitor of neutrophil elast…
• Pulmonary emphysema (heterozygotes and homozygotes... • Hepati…
• SERPINA1 gene on chr 14... • Alleles expressed in a codominant…
Only gene proven for COPD susceptibility
SERPINA1
Mechanism of Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficie…
Serine protease inhibitor, major inhibitor of neutrophil elast…
Horseshoe Lung
Birt Hogg Dube
Pancoast Syndrome
Acute Consolidation (Differential)
Rare entity.... Fusion of the posterior basal segments of the low…
Cystic Lung Disease (thin walled "oval" cysts)... Associated with…
A Superior Sulcus Tumor (a apical tumor does not mean a pancoa…
Pneumonia (most common cause)... Pulmonary Hemorrhage (either pr…
Horseshoe Lung
Rare entity.... Fusion of the posterior basal segments of the low…
Birt Hogg Dube
Cystic Lung Disease (thin walled "oval" cysts)... Associated with…
Embryology of the heart and lungs
visceral vs. parietal pain
primary inspiratory muscles and expirat…
accessory muscles of inspiration and ex…
mesoderm
visceral is vague and unlocalized but parietal is very sensiti…
intercostals and diaphragm/relaxatio and elastic recoil
pec major, scalenus anterior, SCM, serrates anterior ... abdomin…
Embryology of the heart and lungs
mesoderm
visceral vs. parietal pain
visceral is vague and unlocalized but parietal is very sensiti…
Cyanosis
Anemia
Central Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
hypoxemia without cyanosis
decreased arterial oxygen saturation ... may be caused by hemogl…
blusih discoloration in the extremities ... may be caused by red…
Cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
Anemia
hypoxemia without cyanosis
epiglottis
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
palatine tonsils
Pathway of air from nose to capillaries…
Flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue. Prevents…
collections of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx
Two rounded masses of lymphatic tissue. In the oropharynx.
Nose (nares)... Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses... Pharynx... Lary…
epiglottis
Flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue. Prevents…
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
collections of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx
How long have you been coughing?
1-3 weeks after initiation of ACE
Azithromycin 500mg day 1, 250mg days 2-5
Strep Pneumonia
Most important question to ask a pt presenting with cough?
Cough with an ACE can begin to occur how soon?
24yo college student dx with pertussis, he's a non smoker and…
Most deadly form of bacterial PNE
How long have you been coughing?
Most important question to ask a pt presenting with cough?
1-3 weeks after initiation of ACE
Cough with an ACE can begin to occur how soon?
What does OSA stand for?
Obstructive sleep apnea:
Apnea definition
hypopnea definition
Obstructive sleep apnea
Tongue and soft palate fall backward and create a partial or c…
no respirations for more than 10 seconds
shallow respirations
What does OSA stand for?
Obstructive sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea:
Tongue and soft palate fall backward and create a partial or c…
Inspiratory reserve
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration
Air that moves into lung with each quiet inspiration... Normal:…
Air that can still be breathed out after normal expiration
Air in lung after maximal expiration
Inspiratory reserve
Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration
Tidal volume
Air that moves into lung with each quiet inspiration... Normal:…
How to Dx of Asthma?... (algorithm OME)
Tx of Asthma (depends on the stages)
For exercised induced asthma with known…
Mgmt of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
1. SABA... 2. SABA + ICS... 3. SABA + ICS + LABA... 4. SABA + ↑ICS + LA…
Nedocromil or Cromolyn Sulfate, which can be used immediately…
NEBS: Duoneb... During Asthma exacerbations, the pat hyperventil…
How to Dx of Asthma?... (algorithm OME)
Tx of Asthma (depends on the stages)
1. SABA... 2. SABA + ICS... 3. SABA + ICS + LABA... 4. SABA + ↑ICS + LA…
Cyanosis
Anemia
Central Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
hypoxemia without cyanosis
decreased arterial oxygen saturation ... may be caused by hemogl…
blusih discoloration in the extremities ... may be caused by red…
Cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
Anemia
hypoxemia without cyanosis
ABCT - Etiologies of obstructive pulmon…
What should be suspected in children wi…
obstructive lung disease
What is the definition of asthma?
Asthma... Bronchiectasis... Cystic fibrosis & COPD... Tracheal or bronc…
asthma
restict air movement... air trapping
reversible airway obstruction secondary to bronchial hyperreac…
ABCT - Etiologies of obstructive pulmon…
Asthma... Bronchiectasis... Cystic fibrosis & COPD... Tracheal or bronc…
What should be suspected in children wi…
asthma
Right versus Left lung
Right lung
Left Lung
Ribs 1 - 6
Left lung has 2 lobes, superior & inferior... Right has 3 Superio…
Right lung has 3 lobes... Each lobe divides into segments with a…
Left lung has 2 lobes divided by a single oblique fissure... Lobe…
true or costosternal ribs, have a single anterior attachment t…
Right versus Left lung
Left lung has 2 lobes, superior & inferior... Right has 3 Superio…
Right lung
Right lung has 3 lobes... Each lobe divides into segments with a…
Churg-Strauss syndrome pathology
p-ANCA diseases...
what medication precipitate Churg-Strau…
Patients with acute severe asthma are s…
small vessel vasculitis involving skin, lung and heart vessels
Microscopic polyangitis , Churg-Strauss, ULCERATIVE colitis!!
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Churg-Strauss syndrome pathology
small vessel vasculitis involving skin, lung and heart vessels
p-ANCA diseases...
Microscopic polyangitis , Churg-Strauss, ULCERATIVE colitis!!
Subjective data
fremitus
to assess for tactile fremitus
Sound is conducted better through porou…
are information from the client's point of view ("symptoms"),…
tactile vibration
have the patient say 99
Dense
Subjective data
are information from the client's point of view ("symptoms"),…
fremitus
tactile vibration
Functions
Nasal Cavity
Respiratory & Olfactory mucosa
Inferior concha
Gas exchange... Regulation of blood pH... Voice production... Olfaction…
warms, cleanses, humidifies inhaled air... detects odors (olfacto…
traps particles... lysozyme kills bacteria... goblet cells secrete…
increases surface area to give time for air to warm... erectile…
Functions
Gas exchange... Regulation of blood pH... Voice production... Olfaction…
Nasal Cavity
warms, cleanses, humidifies inhaled air... detects odors (olfacto…
what are the obstructive lung diseases?
what are the restrictive lung diseases?
which lung disease has PLEURAL PLAQUES…
classic asthma triad
asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, CF... FEV1/FVC is decreased, FEV1…
sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis ... FEV1/FVC is…
Asbestosis
chronic wheezing... dyspnea... cough
what are the obstructive lung diseases?
asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, CF... FEV1/FVC is decreased, FEV1…
what are the restrictive lung diseases?
sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis ... FEV1/FVC is…
Blood-gas barrier
Airway series
Conducting zone
Anatomic dead space
- Allows for passive diffusion of O2, CO2, and other gases... - S…
Trachea --> Primary bronchus --> Lobar bronchus --> Segmental…
- First 16 generations of airways (trachea --> terminal bronch…
- Measured via Fowler's method... - Volume of conducting airways…
Blood-gas barrier
- Allows for passive diffusion of O2, CO2, and other gases... - S…
Airway series
Trachea --> Primary bronchus --> Lobar bronchus --> Segmental…
Conducting zone
Respiratory zone
Pulmonary artery and vein carries what…
Air-blood barrier consists of...
No gas exchange, just the tubing. Trachea, bronchi, bronchiole…
where gas exchange takes place. Alveoli.
PA = deoxygenated... PV = oxygenated
Alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, basement membrane.…
Conducting zone
No gas exchange, just the tubing. Trachea, bronchi, bronchiole…
Respiratory zone
where gas exchange takes place. Alveoli.
Anoxia
Apnea
Aspiration
atelectasis
Absence of oxygen
No breathing; an apnea monitor may be used in a baby's crib to…
Entrance of oral or gastric contents into the respiratory tract
collapse or incomplete expansion of a total or partial lung
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen
Apnea
No breathing; an apnea monitor may be used in a baby's crib to…
what is the effect of hypoxia on resist…
what is the effect of diabetes on fetal…
why are the lungs still oxygenated afte…
what is the formula for finding RV and…
it decreases the radius via vasoconstriction, leading to incre…
maternal diabetes causes fetal hyperglycemia, leading to incre…
because the bronchial artery provides collateral blood supply…
RV= FRC-ERV... TLC= RV+ FVC or FRC + IC
what is the effect of hypoxia on resist…
it decreases the radius via vasoconstriction, leading to incre…
what is the effect of diabetes on fetal…
maternal diabetes causes fetal hyperglycemia, leading to incre…
How is pneumonia classified?
What are the two subtypes of microbiolo…
Typical
Atypical
microbiology... epidemiology... risk factors
Typical... Atypical
acute onset... more likely lobar distribution... gram stain further…
subacute onset... more often interstitial distribution ... don't tak…
How is pneumonia classified?
microbiology... epidemiology... risk factors
What are the two subtypes of microbiolo…
Typical... Atypical