Study sets matching "pulmonary"
Study sets
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Cyanosis
Anemia
Central Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
hypoxemia without cyanosis
decreased arterial oxygen saturation ... may be caused by hemogl…
blusih discoloration in the extremities ... may be caused by red…
Cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
Anemia
hypoxemia without cyanosis
Inspiratory reserve
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration
Air that moves into lung with each quiet inspiration... Normal:…
Air that can still be breathed out after normal expiration
Air in lung after maximal expiration
Inspiratory reserve
Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration
Tidal volume
Air that moves into lung with each quiet inspiration... Normal:…
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Uremia (chronic renal disease)
Nasal/sinus disease, lung abscess, bron…
Cyanide poisoning
sweet/fruity breath indicates ______
Ammonia smelling breath indicates _____
foul, putrid breath indicates
bitter almond smelling breath indicates
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
sweet/fruity breath indicates ______
Uremia (chronic renal disease)
Ammonia smelling breath indicates _____
80%
decreased
normal or increased
inspiration
FEV1 is usually ______ percent of FEV
In obstructive disease, FEV1/FEV ratio is ________
In restrictive disease, FEV1/FEV ratio is ________
External intercostal muscles can provide additional force for…
80%
FEV1 is usually ______ percent of FEV
decreased
In obstructive disease, FEV1/FEV ratio is ________
Embryology of the heart and lungs
visceral vs. parietal pain
primary inspiratory muscles and expirat…
accessory muscles of inspiration and ex…
mesoderm
visceral is vague and unlocalized but parietal is very sensiti…
intercostals and diaphragm/relaxatio and elastic recoil
pec major, scalenus anterior, SCM, serrates anterior ... abdomin…
Embryology of the heart and lungs
mesoderm
visceral vs. parietal pain
visceral is vague and unlocalized but parietal is very sensiti…
What does OSA stand for?
Obstructive sleep apnea:
Apnea definition
hypopnea definition
Obstructive sleep apnea
Tongue and soft palate fall backward and create a partial or c…
no respirations for more than 10 seconds
shallow respirations
What does OSA stand for?
Obstructive sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea:
Tongue and soft palate fall backward and create a partial or c…
How to Dx of Asthma?... (algorithm OME)
Tx of Asthma (depends on the stages)
For exercised induced asthma with known…
Mgmt of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
1. SABA... 2. SABA + ICS... 3. SABA + ICS + LABA... 4. SABA + ↑ICS + LA…
Nedocromil or Cromolyn Sulfate, which can be used immediately…
NEBS: Duoneb... During Asthma exacerbations, the pat hyperventil…
How to Dx of Asthma?... (algorithm OME)
Tx of Asthma (depends on the stages)
1. SABA... 2. SABA + ICS... 3. SABA + ICS + LABA... 4. SABA + ↑ICS + LA…
Only gene proven for COPD susceptibility
Mechanism of Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficie…
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Major F…
Genetics of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficie…
SERPINA1
Serine protease inhibitor, major inhibitor of neutrophil elast…
• Pulmonary emphysema (heterozygotes and homozygotes... • Hepati…
• SERPINA1 gene on chr 14... • Alleles expressed in a codominant…
Only gene proven for COPD susceptibility
SERPINA1
Mechanism of Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficie…
Serine protease inhibitor, major inhibitor of neutrophil elast…
ABCT - Etiologies of obstructive pulmon…
What should be suspected in children wi…
obstructive lung disease
What is the definition of asthma?
Asthma... Bronchiectasis... Cystic fibrosis & COPD... Tracheal or bronc…
asthma
restict air movement... air trapping
reversible airway obstruction secondary to bronchial hyperreac…
ABCT - Etiologies of obstructive pulmon…
Asthma... Bronchiectasis... Cystic fibrosis & COPD... Tracheal or bronc…
What should be suspected in children wi…
asthma
What pattern do you see on CXR for idio…
PE findings for pneumonia?
Cells involved in sarcoidosis?
What histological features do you see i…
Honeycomb
Dullness to percussion and increased fremitus
CD4 helper T cells (TH2)... Macrophages
Non-caseating granulomas from unknown Ag... -Epithelioid histiocy…
What pattern do you see on CXR for idio…
Honeycomb
PE findings for pneumonia?
Dullness to percussion and increased fremitus
what are the obstructive lung diseases?
what are the restrictive lung diseases?
which lung disease has PLEURAL PLAQUES…
classic asthma triad
asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, CF... FEV1/FVC is decreased, FEV1…
sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis ... FEV1/FVC is…
Asbestosis
chronic wheezing... dyspnea... cough
what are the obstructive lung diseases?
asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, CF... FEV1/FVC is decreased, FEV1…
what are the restrictive lung diseases?
sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis ... FEV1/FVC is…
Asthma ; ... what are the symptoms (DAY/ni…
LIst exmples and MoA of ... Betat 2 agonis…
Asthma ; ... 1. main presentation ... 2.findi…
Asthma : Diagnoistic testing ... 1. Initia…
1. EXPIRATORY WHEEZING ... 2. · Hyperventilation/increased respi…
1. Pulmonary function test PFT ; before and after INHALED BRON…
Asthma ; ... what are the symptoms (DAY/ni…
LIst exmples and MoA of ... Betat 2 agonis…
Conducting zone
Respiratory zone
Pulmonary artery and vein carries what…
Air-blood barrier consists of...
No gas exchange, just the tubing. Trachea, bronchi, bronchiole…
where gas exchange takes place. Alveoli.
PA = deoxygenated... PV = oxygenated
Alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, basement membrane.…
Conducting zone
No gas exchange, just the tubing. Trachea, bronchi, bronchiole…
Respiratory zone
where gas exchange takes place. Alveoli.
How is pneumonia classified?
What are the two subtypes of microbiolo…
Typical
Atypical
microbiology... epidemiology... risk factors
Typical... Atypical
acute onset... more likely lobar distribution... gram stain further…
subacute onset... more often interstitial distribution ... don't tak…
How is pneumonia classified?
microbiology... epidemiology... risk factors
What are the two subtypes of microbiolo…
Typical... Atypical
Functions
Nasal Cavity
Respiratory & Olfactory mucosa
Inferior concha
Gas exchange... Regulation of blood pH... Voice production... Olfaction…
warms, cleanses, humidifies inhaled air... detects odors (olfacto…
traps particles... lysozyme kills bacteria... goblet cells secrete…
increases surface area to give time for air to warm... erectile…
Functions
Gas exchange... Regulation of blood pH... Voice production... Olfaction…
Nasal Cavity
warms, cleanses, humidifies inhaled air... detects odors (olfacto…
Blood-gas barrier
Airway series
Conducting zone
Anatomic dead space
- Allows for passive diffusion of O2, CO2, and other gases... - S…
Trachea --> Primary bronchus --> Lobar bronchus --> Segmental…
- First 16 generations of airways (trachea --> terminal bronch…
- Measured via Fowler's method... - Volume of conducting airways…
Blood-gas barrier
- Allows for passive diffusion of O2, CO2, and other gases... - S…
Airway series
Trachea --> Primary bronchus --> Lobar bronchus --> Segmental…
Dorsal respiratory group
ventral respiratory group
Pontine respiratory group
respiratory centers
inspiratory neurons
inspiratory neurons and expiratory neurons, active breathing
tonic input to DRG and VRG to coordinate respiratory rhythm
involuntary group... - dorsal respiratory group... - ventral respira…
Dorsal respiratory group
inspiratory neurons
ventral respiratory group
inspiratory neurons and expiratory neurons, active breathing
findings of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficie…
tech DTPA aerosol size for ventilation…
if tech DTPA is used for a VQ, is vent…
size of MAA particles
matched VQ defect in lower lobes including air trapping
0.1 - 0.5 um (NOT 4-6 um, a choice included on 2006 exam)
vent is done first
30-60 µm
findings of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficie…
matched VQ defect in lower lobes including air trapping
tech DTPA aerosol size for ventilation…
0.1 - 0.5 um (NOT 4-6 um, a choice included on 2006 exam)
Pulmonary exam... 1) etiology of dullness
Tactile fremitus... 1) increased with?... 2)…
FVC
FEV1
1) effusion or pneumona
1) pneumonia or tumor... 2) effusion or pneumonrthorax
total vole of air exhaled after maximal inspriation
forced expiratory volume at 1 sec... nml >80%
Pulmonary exam... 1) etiology of dullness
1) effusion or pneumona
Tactile fremitus... 1) increased with?... 2)…
1) pneumonia or tumor... 2) effusion or pneumonrthorax
What allows for the rubber-like propert…
What is the most common CFTR gene mutat…
Which cells contribute to the release o…
Whats the difference between the recurr…
Extensive CROSS-LINKING between elastin monomers facilitated b…
1. A 3-basepair deletion of phenylalanine at the amino acid po…
Neutrophils and Macrophages
The recurrent and external - motor ... Internal laryngeal nerve -…
What allows for the rubber-like propert…
Extensive CROSS-LINKING between elastin monomers facilitated b…
What is the most common CFTR gene mutat…
1. A 3-basepair deletion of phenylalanine at the amino acid po…