Study sets matching "pulmonary"
Study sets
Classes
Users
Cyanosis
Anemia
Central Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
hypoxemia without cyanosis
decreased arterial oxygen saturation ... may be caused by hemogl…
blusih discoloration in the extremities ... may be caused by red…
Cyanosis
bluish color of skin or mucosa due to deoxyhemoglobin (>4gm/dL…
Anemia
hypoxemia without cyanosis
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Pleural Effusion
Asthma
An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affe…
An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of th…
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural spaces o…
A medical condition characterized by airway inflammation and c…
Pneumonia
An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affe…
Tuberculosis
An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of th…
three sections of the thoracic cavity
Layers of the Pleura
Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pleura... (pulmonary pleura)
- Right pleural cavity... - Mediastinum... - Left pleural cavity
- Parietal Pleura... - Visceral pleura... (its actually one layer fo…
- lines the thoracic cavity (attached to it)
- covers the entire surface of the lung
three sections of the thoracic cavity
- Right pleural cavity... - Mediastinum... - Left pleural cavity
Layers of the Pleura
- Parietal Pleura... - Visceral pleura... (its actually one layer fo…
Inspiratory reserve
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration
Air that moves into lung with each quiet inspiration... Normal:…
Air that can still be breathed out after normal expiration
Air in lung after maximal expiration
Inspiratory reserve
Air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration
Tidal volume
Air that moves into lung with each quiet inspiration... Normal:…
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Uremia (chronic renal disease)
Nasal/sinus disease, lung abscess, bron…
Cyanide poisoning
sweet/fruity breath indicates ______
Ammonia smelling breath indicates _____
foul, putrid breath indicates
bitter almond smelling breath indicates
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
sweet/fruity breath indicates ______
Uremia (chronic renal disease)
Ammonia smelling breath indicates _____
80%
decreased
normal or increased
inspiration
FEV1 is usually ______ percent of FEV
In obstructive disease, FEV1/FEV ratio is ________
In restrictive disease, FEV1/FEV ratio is ________
External intercostal muscles can provide additional force for…
80%
FEV1 is usually ______ percent of FEV
decreased
In obstructive disease, FEV1/FEV ratio is ________
Embryology of the heart and lungs
visceral vs. parietal pain
primary inspiratory muscles and expirat…
accessory muscles of inspiration and ex…
mesoderm
visceral is vague and unlocalized but parietal is very sensiti…
intercostals and diaphragm/relaxatio and elastic recoil
pec major, scalenus anterior, SCM, serrates anterior ... abdomin…
Embryology of the heart and lungs
mesoderm
visceral vs. parietal pain
visceral is vague and unlocalized but parietal is very sensiti…
What does OSA stand for?
Obstructive sleep apnea:
Apnea definition
hypopnea definition
Obstructive sleep apnea
Tongue and soft palate fall backward and create a partial or c…
no respirations for more than 10 seconds
shallow respirations
What does OSA stand for?
Obstructive sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea:
Tongue and soft palate fall backward and create a partial or c…
How to Dx of Asthma?... (algorithm OME)
Tx of Asthma (depends on the stages)
For exercised induced asthma with known…
Mgmt of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
1. SABA... 2. SABA + ICS... 3. SABA + ICS + LABA... 4. SABA + ↑ICS + LA…
Nedocromil or Cromolyn Sulfate, which can be used immediately…
NEBS: Duoneb... During Asthma exacerbations, the pat hyperventil…
How to Dx of Asthma?... (algorithm OME)
Tx of Asthma (depends on the stages)
1. SABA... 2. SABA + ICS... 3. SABA + ICS + LABA... 4. SABA + ↑ICS + LA…
Only gene proven for COPD susceptibility
Mechanism of Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficie…
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Major F…
Genetics of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficie…
SERPINA1
Serine protease inhibitor, major inhibitor of neutrophil elast…
• Pulmonary emphysema (heterozygotes and homozygotes... • Hepati…
• SERPINA1 gene on chr 14... • Alleles expressed in a codominant…
Only gene proven for COPD susceptibility
SERPINA1
Mechanism of Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficie…
Serine protease inhibitor, major inhibitor of neutrophil elast…
ABCT - Etiologies of obstructive pulmon…
What should be suspected in children wi…
obstructive lung disease
What is the definition of asthma?
Asthma... Bronchiectasis... Cystic fibrosis & COPD... Tracheal or bronc…
asthma
restict air movement... air trapping
reversible airway obstruction secondary to bronchial hyperreac…
ABCT - Etiologies of obstructive pulmon…
Asthma... Bronchiectasis... Cystic fibrosis & COPD... Tracheal or bronc…
What should be suspected in children wi…
asthma
What pattern do you see on CXR for idio…
PE findings for pneumonia?
Cells involved in sarcoidosis?
What histological features do you see i…
Honeycomb
Dullness to percussion and increased fremitus
CD4 helper T cells (TH2)... Macrophages
Non-caseating granulomas from unknown Ag... -Epithelioid histiocy…
What pattern do you see on CXR for idio…
Honeycomb
PE findings for pneumonia?
Dullness to percussion and increased fremitus
1. Chronic Bronchitis ... 2. Emphysema
1. COPD... a. Emphysema ... b. Chronic Bron…
1. CF... 2. Bronchiectasis... 3. @-1-autipsin…
COPD
COPD is made up of what two diseases
Name the different pulmonary obstructive diseases.
Of the different pulmonary obstructive diseases, which ones ar…
a state of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or em…
1. Chronic Bronchitis ... 2. Emphysema
COPD is made up of what two diseases
1. COPD... a. Emphysema ... b. Chronic Bron…
Name the different pulmonary obstructive diseases.
Asthma ; ... what are the symptoms (DAY/ni…
LIst exmples and MoA of ... Betat 2 agonis…
Asthma ; ... 1. main presentation ... 2.findi…
Asthma : Diagnoistic testing ... 1. Initia…
1. EXPIRATORY WHEEZING ... 2. · Hyperventilation/increased respi…
1. Pulmonary function test PFT ; before and after INHALED BRON…
Asthma ; ... what are the symptoms (DAY/ni…
LIst exmples and MoA of ... Betat 2 agonis…
what are the obstructive lung diseases?
what are the restrictive lung diseases?
classic asthma triad
In asthma, a POSITIVE Methacholine chal…
asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, CF... FEV1/FVC is decreased, FEV1…
sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis ... FEV1/FVC is…
chronic wheezing... dyspnea... cough
20%
what are the obstructive lung diseases?
asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, CF... FEV1/FVC is decreased, FEV1…
what are the restrictive lung diseases?
sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis ... FEV1/FVC is…
Blood-gas barrier
Airway series
Conducting zone
Anatomic dead space
- Allows for passive diffusion of O2, CO2, and other gases... - S…
Trachea --> Primary bronchus --> Lobar bronchus --> Segmental…
- First 16 generations of airways (trachea --> terminal bronch…
- Measured via Fowler's method... - Volume of conducting airways…
Blood-gas barrier
- Allows for passive diffusion of O2, CO2, and other gases... - S…
Airway series
Trachea --> Primary bronchus --> Lobar bronchus --> Segmental…
Dorsal respiratory group
ventral respiratory group
Pontine respiratory group
respiratory centers
inspiratory neurons
inspiratory neurons and expiratory neurons, active breathing
tonic input to DRG and VRG to coordinate respiratory rhythm
involuntary group... - dorsal respiratory group... - ventral respira…
Dorsal respiratory group
inspiratory neurons
ventral respiratory group
inspiratory neurons and expiratory neurons, active breathing
findings of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficie…
tech DTPA aerosol size for ventilation…
if tech DTPA is used for a VQ, is vent…
size of MAA particles
matched VQ defect in lower lobes including air trapping
0.1 - 0.5 um (NOT 4-6 um, a choice included on 2006 exam)
vent is done first
30-60 µm
findings of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficie…
matched VQ defect in lower lobes including air trapping
tech DTPA aerosol size for ventilation…
0.1 - 0.5 um (NOT 4-6 um, a choice included on 2006 exam)
Chronic bronchitis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (…
Cystic fibrosis
Lung emphysema
It is increased cough and mucus production caused by inflammat…
A progressive and irreversible condition characterized by dimi…
An autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by the mutation…
A chronic lung disease characterized by a loss of pulmonary pa…
Chronic bronchitis
It is increased cough and mucus production caused by inflammat…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (…
A progressive and irreversible condition characterized by dimi…
The visceral linings. ... The linings of t…
The fibrous pericardium
They fuse with the pleuropericardial ca…
Faulty recanalization of the laryngeal…
What is derived from splanchnic mesoderm?... What is derived from…
What is formed from the pleuropericardial folds?
How do the pleuropericardial folds close?
What is the cause of laryngeal atresia/stenosis?
The visceral linings. ... The linings of t…
What is derived from splanchnic mesoderm?... What is derived from…
The fibrous pericardium
What is formed from the pleuropericardial folds?