term:methylation = turns genes off
SETS
Operons
Tryptopan Operon
operator
Too much trp
- clusters of genes that code for different proteins involved…
-anabolic (build proteins)... -5 genes for enzymes that synthesiz…
cis-regulatory sequence for binding repressors
Trp binds the repressor and activates it (negative regulation)
Operons
- clusters of genes that code for different proteins involved…
Tryptopan Operon
-anabolic (build proteins)... -5 genes for enzymes that synthesiz…
do different cell types (eye cells, ski…
transcription factors
specificity of transcription factors
basal factors
no... they use their identical genomes differently through gene r…
Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymer…
depends on DNA concentration: the higher the DNA concentration…
bind to promoter and attract RNA pol II
do different cell types (eye cells, ski…
no... they use their identical genomes differently through gene r…
transcription factors
Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymer…
Why is gene regulation needed?
How are genes regulated?
Gene regulation in prokaryotes
Minimal features of a regulatory system
Cells have different functions, exist in different environment…
regulatory proteins bind to DNA in promoter region. Negative r…
Bacteria synthesize the enzymes necessary to produce compounds…
Cells need mechanisms that fulfill two criteria: ... 1. Ability…
Why is gene regulation needed?
Cells have different functions, exist in different environment…
How are genes regulated?
regulatory proteins bind to DNA in promoter region. Negative r…
Inducible
Repressible
Negative Control
Positive Control
genes that are normally "off" but can be turned "on" to be tra…
genes that are normally "on" but can be turned "off" for no tr…
Repressor proteins bind to DNA to shut off transcription
Activator proteins bind to DNA to turn on transcription
Inducible
genes that are normally "off" but can be turned "on" to be tra…
Repressible
genes that are normally "on" but can be turned "off" for no tr…
operon
operator
repressor
inducer
cluster of genes that code for proteins with related functions
acts like a switch turning the operon on and off
binds to the operator preventing RNA polymerase from transcrib…
removes the repressor by binding to it and changing its shape
operon
cluster of genes that code for proteins with related functions
operator
acts like a switch turning the operon on and off
repression
induction
post-translational control
transcriptional control
gene control based on negative feedback, once the product of a…
gene control where proteins/enzymes are made in response to th…
type of control where transcription of gene occurs, translatio…
type of control where gene is not transcribed into mRNA. regul…
repression
gene control based on negative feedback, once the product of a…
induction
gene control where proteins/enzymes are made in response to th…
Methylation (On/Off)
Acetylation (On/Off)
Silencer Proteins (On/Off)
siRNA (On/Off)
Off
On
Off
Off
Methylation (On/Off)
Off
Acetylation (On/Off)
On
loss-of-function mutant, antisense RNA,…
dsRNAs (double stranded RNAs), Dicer, s…
in vitro, liposomes, genetic transforma…
disease-causing, pathogens, reproductio…
Q. you've just dound a new gene in your favourite organism. Ho…
RNA interference: 1. ____ enters a cell... 2&3. the enzyme ___ cu…
how can a cell incude dsRNA into a cell or organism?... -Short te…
applications for gene silencing:... -in humans and livestock:... tur…
loss-of-function mutant, antisense RNA,…
Q. you've just dound a new gene in your favourite organism. Ho…
dsRNAs (double stranded RNAs), Dicer, s…
RNA interference: 1. ____ enters a cell... 2&3. the enzyme ___ cu…
Operon
Repressor
Promoter
Inducer
A gene or set of genes turned off or on as a unit by a single…
binds to the operator - the off switch
Says you can now copy
Removes repressor by hooking to it and inactivating it
Operon
A gene or set of genes turned off or on as a unit by a single…
Repressor
binds to the operator - the off switch
trp Operon
trp repressor protein
Tryptophan
Low trp
an example of a repressible system
When it is first produced, it doesn nothing. It needs it's sha…
Changes trp repressor protein to the right shape
We want transcription to happen so we can make tryptophan. We…
trp Operon
an example of a repressible system
trp repressor protein
When it is first produced, it doesn nothing. It needs it's sha…
cell determination
cell differentiation
positional information
Nanos function
a cell is destined (predetermined) to become a particular cell…
a cell's morphology and function have changed, usually permane…
For an organism to develop a unique body pattern, each cell mu…
mRNA transported to the posterior end
cell determination
a cell is destined (predetermined) to become a particular cell…
cell differentiation
a cell's morphology and function have changed, usually permane…
lac I promoter
lacI
promoter of lac operon
operator
...
...
...
...
lac I promoter
...
lacI
...
what protein attaches to the operator t…
what is the place on DNA to which RNA p…
a gene or a set of genes that are turne…
in the lac operon, lactose binds to the…
repressor protein
promoter
operon
repressor
what protein attaches to the operator t…
repressor protein
what is the place on DNA to which RNA p…
promoter
Gene Regulation
Gene Expression
Promoter
Operator
turning on and off of genes can help organisms to respond to e…
from genotype to phenotype
a site where the transcription enzyme RNA polymerase attaches…
it is located between promoter and the enzyme gene it acts as…
Gene Regulation
turning on and off of genes can help organisms to respond to e…
Gene Expression
from genotype to phenotype
éteindre (translate)
j'
tu
il, elle, on
to turn off
éteins
éteins
éteint
éteindre (translate)
to turn off
j'
éteins
éteindire
éteins
éteins
éteint
to turn off, put off
je
tu
il/elle
éteindire
to turn off, put off
éteins
je
transgenic
gene promoter, recombinant DNA, transpo…
reporter gene
gain-of-function mutants, dominant, los…
term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from oth…
how do we add genes to a genome to make a transgenic eukaryote…
A genetic marker included in recombinant DNA to indicate the p…
using transgenic animals to understand the functions of genes:…
transgenic
term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from oth…
gene promoter, recombinant DNA, transpo…
how do we add genes to a genome to make a transgenic eukaryote…
j'
tu
il, elle, on
nous
éteins
éteins
éteint
éteignons
j'
éteins
tu
éteins
I turn off
you turn off
he/she turns off
we turn off
j'éteins
tu éteins
il/elle éteint
nous éteignons
I turn off
j'éteins
you turn off
tu éteins
éteindre (translate)
nous
vous
ils, elles
to turn off
...
éteignez
éteignent
éteindre (translate)
to turn off
nous
...