term:predator relationships = the predator chases the pray Flashcards
Browse 277 sets of term:predator relationships = the predator chases the pray flashcards
Study sets
Diagrams
Classes
Users
Vision
Hearing
Chemical
Thermodetection
There are many adaptations in predators that improve vision…
Many predators locate their prey acoustically... Some animals h…
Many predators have highly refined senses of smell (and taste)…
The ability to detect body heat generated by a prey animal... S…
Vision
There are many adaptations in predators that improve vision…
Hearing
Many predators locate their prey acoustically... Some animals h…
Feeding in groups occur when:
eg of feed in groups of predators
Communal spider another eg
Advantages of communal spider
-resource is patchy... -cannot be defended... -may also be an anti-p…
whales and dolphins may travel in large groups to spread out a…
-webs metres across... -large prey dragged to middle of web for c…
1.increase detection: detect prey more quickly... 2.ricochet effe…
Feeding in groups occur when:
-resource is patchy... -cannot be defended... -may also be an anti-p…
eg of feed in groups of predators
whales and dolphins may travel in large groups to spread out a…
Producers
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
Organisms that produce their own food
herbivores, feeding on plants
An organism that eats primary consumers
An organism that eats secondary consumers - usually top of foo…
Producers
Organisms that produce their own food
primary consumer
herbivores, feeding on plants
What is Optimal Foraging
3 factors of optimal foraging
Bluegills feeding on zooplankton select…
Sculpins select food items that are mos…
Highest quality food at lowest energy expenditure
must take in more energy than expend while feeding... dont chas…
largest
digestible
What is Optimal Foraging
Highest quality food at lowest energy expenditure
3 factors of optimal foraging
must take in more energy than expend while feeding... dont chas…
Predator
Prey
Carrying capacity
An increase in prey...
An animal that hunts other animals for food
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environme…
Typically means an increase in predators. Why?
Predator
An animal that hunts other animals for food
Prey
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
predator
prey
population
mutualism
an animal that naturally preys on others... Ex.wolf
an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food... Ex.bun…
a community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members…
symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved
predator
an animal that naturally preys on others... Ex.wolf
prey
an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food... Ex.bun…
Predator
Prey
Adaptation
Physical Adaptation
Any animal that captures, kills, or eats another animal.
Any animal that is captured, killed, or eaten by another anima…
Any behavioral or physical characteristic of an organism that…
Physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or th…
Predator
Any animal that captures, kills, or eats another animal.
Prey
Any animal that is captured, killed, or eaten by another anima…
5 types of predation?
If we initiate the two populations clos…
If we initiate the two populations far…
3 studies that support the Lotka-Volter…
Carnivores... Omnivores... Herbivores... Parasites (Hyperparasites)…
Low amplitude cycles
large amplitude cycles
1. Old Hudson's Bay, records for Snowshoe Hare and Lynx ... - loo…
5 types of predation?
Carnivores... Omnivores... Herbivores... Parasites (Hyperparasites)…
If we initiate the two populations clos…
Low amplitude cycles
predator
prey
population
mutualism
an animal that naturally preys on others... Ex.wolf
an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food... Ex.bun…
a community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members…
symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved
predator
an animal that naturally preys on others... Ex.wolf
prey
an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food... Ex.bun…
What is competition?
What is predation?
Predator prey relationships - What are…
Competition can occur between two or mo…
Competition is a relationship between organisms that want the…
Predation happens when a predator organism feeds on another li…
Bear and Fish - Bear eats Fish... Foxes and Rabbits - Foxes eat R…
Seals and Otters -They both want the Sea Urchins... Mussels and B…
What is competition?
Competition is a relationship between organisms that want the…
What is predation?
Predation happens when a predator organism feeds on another li…
What is a predator?
Where did one of the longest-term data…
Recreate the lynx and hare graph
How would you test if the fluctuations…
An organism that invariably kills its prey, more or less immed…
Hudson's Bay Company provided one of longest-term data sets in…
You could shift one of the data sets (either the predator or t…
What is a predator?
An organism that invariably kills its prey, more or less immed…
Where did one of the longest-term data…
Hudson's Bay Company provided one of longest-term data sets in…
Predation important
Examples
Tawny owls and wood mice
Ragwort and cinnabar moths
-Transfare of energy through ecosystem
-Tawny owls and mice ... -Ragwort and Cinnabar moths ... -Oscillatio…
-Density remain relatively constant over period 1947-1959 ... -De…
-Moth seems to track host plant density over 9 year period ... -M…
Predation important
-Transfare of energy through ecosystem
Examples
-Tawny owls and mice ... -Ragwort and Cinnabar moths ... -Oscillatio…
Predator
Prey
Population
Mutualism
The organism that eats the other organism
The organism that is used as food
A large group of organisms from the same species
When organisms from different populations help each other surv…
Predator
The organism that eats the other organism
Prey
The organism that is used as food
Pop. Cycle of lynx and hare:
SEE REMINDER GRAPHS
Short Cycle:
Short Cycle Ex.:
Hare is almost always higher; pop.s are linked-both rise and f…
...
Predators feeding on small herbivores.
Ex.: Fox eating lemming.
Pop. Cycle of lynx and hare:
Hare is almost always higher; pop.s are linked-both rise and f…
SEE REMINDER GRAPHS
...
Predator
Prey
Adaptive consequences
Stages of Predation
an individual that kills and derives resources from another or…
an individual which is killed and eaten by another organism (t…
-Predators become better at hunting.... -Prey become faster and h…
- encounter... - detection... - identification... - approach... - subjugat…
Predator
an individual that kills and derives resources from another or…
Prey
an individual which is killed and eaten by another organism (t…
Lotka - Volterra's Mathematical Model
Nicholson - Bailey's Mathematical Model
Rosenweig - MacArthur's Mathematical Mo…
Issue with Mathematical Models
Considers predator and prey densities and the intrinsic rate o…
Assumed that predators search randomly and that prey populatio…
A series of graphic models that consider a wider range of pred…
Provide some insights into predator prey relations but do not…
Lotka - Volterra's Mathematical Model
Considers predator and prey densities and the intrinsic rate o…
Nicholson - Bailey's Mathematical Model
Assumed that predators search randomly and that prey populatio…
Over long periods of time, predator and…
In a typical predator-prey relationship…
As a predator population continues to i…
In a typical predator-prey relationship…
fluctate
True
decrease
true
Over long periods of time, predator and…
fluctate
In a typical predator-prey relationship…
True
Predation
Graph
Stage one
Stage two
When one organism kills and eats another organism. It is a typ…
This represents a predator-prey relationship.
An increase in the prey population provides more food for the…
This causes a decline in the prey population.
Predation
When one organism kills and eats another organism. It is a typ…
Graph
This represents a predator-prey relationship.
predator
prey
niche
adaptation
an animal that hunts to eat other animals
food source for the predator
a specific role that an organism/population plays in it s ecos…
a trait that is inherited and helps that organism survive
predator
an animal that hunts to eat other animals
prey
food source for the predator
Organism
Enviorment
Resource
Prey
An individual, plant or single cell organism
The natural world as a whole or geographic area.
Materials that organisms used to survive
An animal that is killed or hunted for food.
Organism
An individual, plant or single cell organism
Enviorment
The natural world as a whole or geographic area.
predator
hare-lynx population cycles
Lotka-Volterra Predator Prey Cycle
prey isoclines
an organism that invariably kills its prey, more or less immed…
initially shown by Hudson's Bay Company that provided one of t…
model of predator prey interactions with stability analysis un…
number of predators required to cause no change in the number…
predator
an organism that invariably kills its prey, more or less immed…
hare-lynx population cycles
initially shown by Hudson's Bay Company that provided one of t…
predators
Prey
Population
Mutualism
animals that hunt other animals for food
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
A group of organisms of the same species populating a given ar…
A relationship between two species in which both species benef…
predators
animals that hunt other animals for food
Prey
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
predator
prey
population
mutualism
an animal that naturally preys on others
an animal that is hunted or killed by another for food
all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country
the way two organisms of different species exist in a relation…
predator
an animal that naturally preys on others
prey
an animal that is hunted or killed by another for food
natural selection selects for prey with…
Coevolution b/w predators & prey: whats…
predator adaptions and counter prey ada…
predator adaptions and counter prey ada…
o Prey with traits that decrease chance of being eaten ... o Pred…
o Red Queen hypothesis... - Evolutionary arms race - both trying…
o Ie predator activity = searching for prey. ... - Predator adapt…
♣ Predator adaptations = learning. ... ♣ Prey adaptations = mimic…
natural selection selects for prey with…
o Prey with traits that decrease chance of being eaten ... o Pred…
Coevolution b/w predators & prey: whats…
o Red Queen hypothesis... - Evolutionary arms race - both trying…