Study sets matching "usmle"
Study sets
Classes
Users
sturge weber syndrome (encephalotrigemi…
tuberous sclerosis
NF type 1 (von recklinghuasen)
von hippel lindau
congenital and non inherited... STURGE... sporadic/port wine stain... -…
HAMARTOMAS... angiofibromas... -mitral regurg... -ash leaf spots... -cardi…
cafe au lait spots and freckling in axilla... lisch nodules in ir…
hemangioblastomas in retina and cerebellum causing ataxia and…
sturge weber syndrome (encephalotrigemi…
congenital and non inherited... STURGE... sporadic/port wine stain... -…
tuberous sclerosis
HAMARTOMAS... angiofibromas... -mitral regurg... -ash leaf spots... -cardi…
Diseases with Psammoma Bodies
Cancers caused by mutation on Rb gene
B Cell surface proteins
Macrophages surface proteins
P-SA-MM-oMa... Papillary carcinoma of thyroid... Serous papillary cy…
Retinoblastoma... Osteosarcoma... Breast... Lung... Colon
Ig... CD 19, 20, 21, 40... MHC II, B7
CD 14, 40... MHC II, B7... Fc and C3b receptors
Diseases with Psammoma Bodies
P-SA-MM-oMa... Papillary carcinoma of thyroid... Serous papillary cy…
Cancers caused by mutation on Rb gene
Retinoblastoma... Osteosarcoma... Breast... Lung... Colon
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
hyperosmotic volume CONTRACTION (losing…
primary polydipsia results in what flui…
bleeding
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
SWEATING OR DI
expands both ICF ECF with decreased osmolarity
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
bleeding
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
What impact do valsalva and standing up…
Which pathological heart sound/murmur i…
How is MG treated?
Scopolamine MOA
Both decrease venous return to the heart which decreases LV vo…
S3 (also heard best at end expiration)
cholinesterase inhibitor such as pyridostigmine
selective muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist (mostly acts in g…
What impact do valsalva and standing up…
Both decrease venous return to the heart which decreases LV vo…
Which pathological heart sound/murmur i…
S3 (also heard best at end expiration)
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
hyperosmotic volume CONTRACTION (losing…
primary polydipsia results in what flui…
bleeding
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
SWEATING OR DI
expands both ICF ECF with decreased osmolarity
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
bleeding
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
Erythema multiforme
mobiliform rash
Urticaria
Porphyria cutanea tarde
target like/iris like skin lesions on palms and soles of feet…
looks like measeles after drug reaction = mild urticaria
photosensitivity, hyper pigmentation... Bulla with sun exposure... A…
Erythema multiforme
target like/iris like skin lesions on palms and soles of feet…
mobiliform rash
looks like measeles after drug reaction = mild urticaria
Arteries for GI branch ... on the Abd A…
Arteries non-GI branch ... on the Abd A…
Abd Ao branches
Aorta bifurcation is at
Anteriorly
Laterally, posteriorly
(Canned Soup Really Good Indoors) CeliacT12 Superior mesenteri…
Bifourcation L4 L5
Arteries for GI branch ... on the Abd A…
Anteriorly
Arteries non-GI branch ... on the Abd A…
Laterally, posteriorly
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
hyperosmotic volume CONTRACTION (losing…
primary polydipsia results in what flui…
bleeding
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
SWEATING OR DI
expands both ICF ECF with decreased osmolarity
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
bleeding
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
what is the pathophys behind Goodpastur…
what are sx of Goodpastures?
a patient with membranous nephropathy,…
goodpastures usually affects what popul…
antibodies against alpha chain of type 4 collagen, found in th…
hemoptysis, SOB, hematuria, possible decreased lung diffusion…
renal vein thrombosis
young adult males
what is the pathophys behind Goodpastur…
antibodies against alpha chain of type 4 collagen, found in th…
what are sx of Goodpastures?
hemoptysis, SOB, hematuria, possible decreased lung diffusion…
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
hyperosmotic volume CONTRACTION (losing…
primary polydipsia results in what flui…
bleeding
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
SWEATING OR DI
expands both ICF ECF with decreased osmolarity
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
bleeding
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
Diseases with Psammoma Bodies
Cancers caused by mutation on Rb gene
B Cell surface proteins
Macrophages surface proteins
P-SA-MM-oMa... Papillary carcinoma of thyroid... Serous papillary cy…
Retinoblastoma... Osteosarcoma... Breast... Lung... Colon
Ig... CD 19, 20, 21, 40... MHC II, B7
CD 14, 40... MHC II, B7... Fc and C3b receptors
Diseases with Psammoma Bodies
P-SA-MM-oMa... Papillary carcinoma of thyroid... Serous papillary cy…
Cancers caused by mutation on Rb gene
Retinoblastoma... Osteosarcoma... Breast... Lung... Colon
histones
heterochromatin vs euchromatin
DNA methylation
histone methylation vs acetylation
-rich in lysine and arginine... -H1 binds to nucleosome
-hetero: condensed; see barr bodies; dark on EM... -eu: less cond…
-occurs in replication... -methylation at CpG islands inhibits tr…
-meth: reversibly represses transcription... -acetyl: relaxes coi…
histones
-rich in lysine and arginine... -H1 binds to nucleosome
heterochromatin vs euchromatin
-hetero: condensed; see barr bodies; dark on EM... -eu: less cond…
Homeobox (hox) genes encode for:
Sonic hedgehog gene
Wnt-7 gene important for fetal organiza…
IL-2R mutation
transcription factors... How mut = appendages in wrong location…
CNS development... Mut = holoprosencephaly
Dorsal-ventral
SCID... X-linked recessive
Homeobox (hox) genes encode for:
transcription factors... How mut = appendages in wrong location…
Sonic hedgehog gene
CNS development... Mut = holoprosencephaly
Osteoporosis: risk factors
Dementia: some common causes
Gram+: bacterial cell wall
Spinal cord: length in vertebral column
ACCESS:... Alcohol... Corticosteroid... Calcium low... Estrogen low... Smokin…
DEMENTIA:... Diabetes... Ethanol... Medication... Environmental (eg CO poi…
Gram+ has:... +hick pepidoglycan layer.... +eichoic acid in wall.
SCULL:... Spinal Cord Until L2 (LL).
Osteoporosis: risk factors
ACCESS:... Alcohol... Corticosteroid... Calcium low... Estrogen low... Smokin…
Dementia: some common causes
DEMENTIA:... Diabetes... Ethanol... Medication... Environmental (eg CO poi…
Heparin (Enoxaparin) ... warfarin is contr…
Main pancreatic duct
IFN-α, ribavirin
Interfering with the duplication of vir…
Treatment for pregnant Venous Thromboembolic disease?
What pancreatic structures is derived from the ventral pancrea…
Treatment for HCV?
Mechanism of action of ribavirin?
Heparin (Enoxaparin) ... warfarin is contr…
Treatment for pregnant Venous Thromboembolic disease?
Main pancreatic duct
What pancreatic structures is derived from the ventral pancrea…
Rigt to left shunt during fetal life
Ductus venosus
Ductus arteriosus
Closure foramen ovale?
Foramen ovale
Oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass liver
To bypass lungs. Blood from upper limbs and head into RA then…
Increased left atrial pressure and reduction right atrial pres…
Rigt to left shunt during fetal life
Foramen ovale
Ductus venosus
Oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass liver
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
germ tubes
Crohn's Disease
metoclopramide
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by inflammati…
Germ tubes are the initial form of hyphae that extend from the…
rohn disease is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by…
Given to DMII w/ gastroparesis causes ... The gastrointestinal (G…
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by inflammati…
germ tubes
Germ tubes are the initial form of hyphae that extend from the…
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
hyperosmotic volume CONTRACTION (losing…
primary polydipsia results in what flui…
bleeding
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
SWEATING OR DI
expands both ICF ECF with decreased osmolarity
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
bleeding
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
Diseases with Psammoma Bodies
Cancers caused by mutation on Rb gene
B Cell surface proteins
Macrophages surface proteins
P-SA-MM-oMa... Papillary carcinoma of thyroid... Serous papillary cy…
Retinoblastoma... Osteosarcoma... Breast... Lung... Colon
Ig... CD 19, 20, 21, 40... MHC II, B7
CD 14, 40... MHC II, B7... Fc and C3b receptors
Diseases with Psammoma Bodies
P-SA-MM-oMa... Papillary carcinoma of thyroid... Serous papillary cy…
Cancers caused by mutation on Rb gene
Retinoblastoma... Osteosarcoma... Breast... Lung... Colon
Tumor lysis syndrome labs
P Vera treatment
Hemorrhoid treatment (thrombosed extern…
De quervains tenosynovitis
Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia
Phlebotomy... If >60 / prior thrombosis / CV risk: Hydroxyurea... As…
> 3 days: Nothing. Pain will subside... < 3 days: -I&D -> quick p…
Entrapment of Extensor Policis Brevis causing pain shortly aft…
Tumor lysis syndrome labs
Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia
P Vera treatment
Phlebotomy... If >60 / prior thrombosis / CV risk: Hydroxyurea... As…
TB antibiotics
mitral tricuspid aortic pulmonic
ETC
Varicose Vein symptoms
STRIPE... STremptomycin... Rifampicin... Isoniazid... Pyrizinamide... Ethambu…
Many Things Are Possible... Heart Valve Closure Sequence
Rotenone's site of action. ... Site specific inhibitor of complex…
AEIOU... Aching... Eczema... Itching... Oedema... Ulceration/Ugly (LDS,haemos…
TB antibiotics
STRIPE... STremptomycin... Rifampicin... Isoniazid... Pyrizinamide... Ethambu…
mitral tricuspid aortic pulmonic
Many Things Are Possible... Heart Valve Closure Sequence
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Pancoast Tumor
Meckel's Diverticulum
Crohn
IgG AB against desmoglein 1 and 3 that bind epidermal keratino…
Invades the cervical ganglion leading to Horner's syndrome
present with brisk, painless lower Gi bleeding from tissue ulc…
present with elevated ESR
Pemphigus Vulgaris
IgG AB against desmoglein 1 and 3 that bind epidermal keratino…
Pancoast Tumor
Invades the cervical ganglion leading to Horner's syndrome
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
hyperosmotic volume CONTRACTION (losing…
primary polydipsia results in what flui…
bleeding
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
SWEATING OR DI
expands both ICF ECF with decreased osmolarity
Cavernous hemangioma risk?
bleeding
Tryptophan --> what two pathways? 2 mne…
"tripped on his nice nads" B2, B6 cofactors ---> NAD+ ... and ... "t…
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Sickle Cell Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Macroangiopathic anemia
Mutated GPI anchor for decay accelerating factor (CD55) - comp…
HbS point mutation in b-chain (glutamic acid -> valine) at pos…
Warm = IgG seen in SLE, CLL, a-methyldopa... Cold= IgM seen in CL…
Prosthetic heart valves and aortic stenosis can cause hemolyti…
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Mutated GPI anchor for decay accelerating factor (CD55) - comp…
Sickle Cell Anemia
HbS point mutation in b-chain (glutamic acid -> valine) at pos…