Study sets matching "veterinary cardiology"
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What chamber of heart touches sternum (…
Using clockface analogy, where is pulmo…
What are the points of maximal intensit…
What is the approximate location of the…
RIGHT ventricle... (blue arrow arrow actually pointing to mainst…
PA @ 1-2 o' clock... Aortic arch @ 11-1 ... Rt ventricle @ 5-9... (this…
pulmonic: L 3rd ICS at CCJ < so this where listen for pulm ste…
in middle mediastinum, to L of midline... dog: 3rd-6th ICS... cat:…
What chamber of heart touches sternum (…
RIGHT ventricle... (blue arrow arrow actually pointing to mainst…
Using clockface analogy, where is pulmo…
PA @ 1-2 o' clock... Aortic arch @ 11-1 ... Rt ventricle @ 5-9... (this…
young animals usually present with
older animals usually present with
male cocker Spaniels
large breed males
congenital disease such as PDA
acquired disease such as MR, TR or tumor
endocardiosis of the mitral valve
dilated cardiomyo-pathy (DCM)
young animals usually present with
congenital disease such as PDA
older animals usually present with
acquired disease such as MR, TR or tumor
Define syncope, differentiate it with s…
What are some common symptoms of cardia…
What is suggestive of an increased dept…
What can you assess with the mucous mem…
syncope = collapse due to insufficient perfusion to the brain…
L heart congestion: pulmonary signs (edema, orthopnea - dont l…
Increased depth: occurs in hypoxemia, hypercarbia, or acidosis…
Best for peripheral perfusion and jaundice.... MM colour: best f…
Define syncope, differentiate it with s…
syncope = collapse due to insufficient perfusion to the brain…
What are some common symptoms of cardia…
L heart congestion: pulmonary signs (edema, orthopnea - dont l…
Name the location of the heart.
Why is it important that we know the lo…
Name the layers of the heart.
Describe the pericardium.
External landmarks... 3rd-6th rib by elbow
Palpating an apical beat... Auscultation... IC injection
Pericardium... Epicardium... Myocardium... Endocardium
Fibrous: Pericardial sac... Serous: Epicardium
Name the location of the heart.
External landmarks... 3rd-6th rib by elbow
Why is it important that we know the lo…
Palpating an apical beat... Auscultation... IC injection
Cardiomegaly... The cardiac silhouette oc…
Note tracheal elevation, dorsal displac…
Pericardial effusion... The cardiac silho…
Pericardial effusion... The cardiac silho…
What abnormality is shown in this image?
What abnormality is shown in this image?
What abnormality is shown in this image?
What abnormality is shown in this image?
Cardiomegaly... The cardiac silhouette oc…
What abnormality is shown in this image?
Note tracheal elevation, dorsal displac…
What abnormality is shown in this image?
which of the following indicated the co…
when the sensitivity of an ECG is set a…
ECG paper speed for the horse is typica…
"saw horse" artifact on an ECG can be r…
A) SA -- inter-atrial fibers -- AV -- bundle of His -- bundle…
B) 2
C) 25
E) A and D
which of the following indicated the co…
A) SA -- inter-atrial fibers -- AV -- bundle of His -- bundle…
when the sensitivity of an ECG is set a…
B) 2
Enalapril, benzapril, captopril, lisino…
Butorphranol, buoranorphine, hydromorph…
Midazolam, diazepam
Furosamide (lasix)
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for arterial/venule d…
Narcotics used to treat anxiety associated with dyspnea
Anxiolytics used to treat anxiety associated with dyspnea
Diuretic... Inhibits Na+ resorption... Response is dose dependent ... H…
Enalapril, benzapril, captopril, lisino…
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for arterial/venule d…
Butorphranol, buoranorphine, hydromorph…
Narcotics used to treat anxiety associated with dyspnea
What is backward failure?
What is forward failure?
What are the actions of drugs to treat…
What drugs/ treatments can cause a redu…
fluid retention characterised by venous caongestion including…
pump failure, which is characterised by low cardiac output whi…
1. Reduce preload... 2. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldos…
Plasma volume reduction -diuretics... Vaso/Venodilation- nitrogl…
What is backward failure?
fluid retention characterised by venous caongestion including…
What is forward failure?
pump failure, which is characterised by low cardiac output whi…
Heart disease
Heart failure
Congestive heart failure
heart failure
Structural disease of the heart that may or may not end in hea…
Condition where the heart is unable to meet demands placed on…
refers to fluid accumulation that occurs in tissues as the hea…
Anything that can cause a decrease in stroke volume
Heart disease
Structural disease of the heart that may or may not end in hea…
Heart failure
Condition where the heart is unable to meet demands placed on…
Cardiac cycle
Events of Cardiac Cycle
Ventricular systole
Ventricular diastole
Heart beat
Ventricular contraction (QRS complex) where blood is ejected f…
Ventricular relaxation where the ventricles refill with blood.
Cardiac cycle
Heart beat
Events of Cardiac Cycle
Aortic valve
Left atrioventricular valve (mitral, bi…
Left atrium
Right ventricle
valve between the left ventricle of heart and aortic a.
valve between left atrium and ventricle
Compartment of heart that the pulmonary vv. feed oxygenated bl…
Receives deoxygenated blood via tricuspid valve from the right…
Aortic valve
valve between the left ventricle of heart and aortic a.
Left atrioventricular valve (mitral, bi…
valve between left atrium and ventricle
because they can lodge themselves deepl…
Right AV valve
Left AV valve
laft AV and aortic valve
Why is it so hard to treat bacteria in the endocardium?
Which valve is most prone to endocarditis in the cow?
Which valve is most prone to endocarditis in the pig?
Which valve is most prone to endocarditis in the dog/cat?
because they can lodge themselves deepl…
Why is it so hard to treat bacteria in the endocardium?
Right AV valve
Which valve is most prone to endocarditis in the cow?
Draw a diagram with explanation of the…
Draw a diagram that shows the cardiac p…
Describe class 1 antiarrthymic drugs
What general adverse effects are seen w…
the "membrane stabilizers"
Cardiotoxicity ie ventricular arrhythmias.
Draw a diagram with explanation of the…
Draw a diagram that shows the cardiac p…
What type of paper is used for ECG trac…
What does ECG measure?
What does ECG represent?
Name some ECG applications
Heat sensitive paper
It measures the stimulus for contraction, not the actual contr…
It represents the amplitude (amount of electrical activity) an…
Diagnose arrhythmias... Acute onset dyspnea, cyanosis... Shock... Faint…
What type of paper is used for ECG trac…
Heat sensitive paper
What does ECG measure?
It measures the stimulus for contraction, not the actual contr…
Systemic Circulation
Anticoagulants
Circulatory System
Cardiovascular System
blood flows to all parts of the body except the lungs
substances that prevent the blood from clotting
divided into systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation
delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the various body t…
Systemic Circulation
blood flows to all parts of the body except the lungs
Anticoagulants
substances that prevent the blood from clotting
in the respiratory tree
endosymbiotic bacteria associated ... with…
the right heart and pulmonary blood ves…
In what part of the respiratory system are parasites usually f…
What are Wolbachia?
What parts of the body does dirodilaria damage?
in the respiratory tree
In what part of the respiratory system are parasites usually f…
endosymbiotic bacteria associated ... with…
What are Wolbachia?
Cardiac cycle
Events of Cardiac Cycle
Ventricular systole
Ventricular diastole
Heart beat
Ventricular contraction (QRS complex) where blood is ejected f…
Ventricular relaxation where the ventricles refill with blood.
Cardiac cycle
Heart beat
Events of Cardiac Cycle
What is the function of angiotensin?
What is the mechanism of action of ACEI?
Draw a diargram of how ACE inhibitors w…
How long does it take to see clinical b…
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors... Formulated as oral only
inhibit the conversion of angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II by i…
2-3 weeks
What is the function of angiotensin?
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors... Formulated as oral only
What is the mechanism of action of ACEI?
inhibit the conversion of angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II by i…
LAx view of extreme hypertrophy of the…
SAx view of extreme hypertrophy of the…
LAx- Membranous ventricular septal defe…
SAx view of chronic degenerative valve…
What is shown in this image?
What is shown in this image?
What is shown in this image?
What is shown in this image?
LAx view of extreme hypertrophy of the…
What is shown in this image?
SAx view of extreme hypertrophy of the…
What is shown in this image?
SA charge at pacemaker potential
What kind of channel is unique to the S…
What membrane potential is required for…
Describe the process of depolarization…
-40
Funny AKA HCN
-5 to 5
Na+ in --> increase charge from -60 to -40--> Ca2+ channel ope…
SA charge at pacemaker potential
-40
What kind of channel is unique to the S…
Funny AKA HCN
Electrocardiogram
tissues
Electrodes
heat sensitive paper
measures the stimulus for contraction (not the actual... contract…
As cardiac impulses pass through the heart, electrical current…
___________ can be placed on opposite sides of the body and... ca…
Tracing is recorded on a
Electrocardiogram
measures the stimulus for contraction (not the actual... contract…
tissues
As cardiac impulses pass through the heart, electrical current…
perfusion
CO2
oxidative phosphorylation
~36/38 mols
pumping of fluid through an organ or tissue
The citric acid/TCA/Krebs cycle produces what substance that m…
process by which ATP is produced by oxygen and glucose
# molecules ATP produced per glucose in oxidative phosphorylat…
perfusion
pumping of fluid through an organ or tissue
CO2
The citric acid/TCA/Krebs cycle produces what substance that m…
What type of pressure should be used to…
What type of pressure should be used to…
How many heart sounds are heard in ever…
Write out the sounds that correlate to…
light pressure is used for these low frequency sounds
firm pressure is used for these high frequency sounds
2 ( S1 and S2)
BA-S4... LUB-S1... DUP- S2... Bup-S3
What type of pressure should be used to…
light pressure is used for these low frequency sounds
What type of pressure should be used to…
firm pressure is used for these high frequency sounds
What is the 'lub' you hear?
what is the 'dub' you hear?
What is Orthopnea?
signs of R sided heart failure
AV valve closing
Pulmonic/Aortic valve
a positional dyspnea, shoulders out and hunched
ascites, pleural effusion, SQ edema, increased liver size, jug…
What is the 'lub' you hear?
AV valve closing
what is the 'dub' you hear?
Pulmonic/Aortic valve
What diagnostic techniques are used for…
Which valves are located in the left an…
Where in the left hemithorax is S1 hear…
Where in the left hemithorax is S2 hear…
Auscultation... Electrocardiography (ECG)... Echocardiography (ultra…
Left: Pulmonary, aortic, mitral... Right: tricuspid
Apical area - over mitral valve
Basal area - over the aortic and pulmonary valves
What diagnostic techniques are used for…
Auscultation... Electrocardiography (ECG)... Echocardiography (ultra…
Which valves are located in the left an…
Left: Pulmonary, aortic, mitral... Right: tricuspid