α(.) is a network-configurable parameter related to fractional path-loss compensation.𝛼(.) 為網絡可配置的參數用於部分路徑損耗補償<=1In the case of full path-loss compensation, corresponding to α=1.對於全路徑損耗補償的情況下，對應於α=1In the case of fractional path-loss compensation, corresponding to α<1.對於部分路徑損耗補償的情況下，對應於α<1Benefit is reduced interference to neighbor cells.部分路徑損耗補償的好處是減少對相鄰小區的干擾。This comes at the price of larger variations in the service quality, with reduced data-rate availability for devices closer to the cell border.這是以服務質量的較大變化為代價的，降低了小區邊緣UE的數據速率。PL(.) is an estimate of the uplink path loss.PL(.) 是上行鏈路路徑損耗的估計值。10∙〖log〗_10⁡〖〖(2〗^μ 〗∙M_RB) : the received power, and thus also the transmit power, should be proportional to the bandwidth assigned for the transmission.10∙〖log〗_10⁡〖〖(2〗^μ 〗∙M_RB) :接收功率以及發射功率應該與分配給傳輸的帶寬成正比。𝜇 relates to the subcarrier spacing used for the PUSCH transmission.𝜇 與PUSCH 傳輸所用的子載波間隔Δ𝑓 有關。M_RB is the number of resource blocks assigned for the PUSCH transmission.M_RB 為PUSCH傳輸所分配的資源塊的數量。∆_TF relates to the modulation scheme and channel-coding rate used for the PUSCH transmission.∆_TF與PUSCH傳輸所用的調製方案和信道編碼率有關。▫ Only used for single-layer transmission, ∆_TF = 0 in the case of multi-layer transmission.∆_TF僅用於單層傳輸，上行多層傳輸的情況下∆_TF = 0。調整發射功率來補償不同的數據速率與調整數據速率來補償由於部分功率控制導致的接收功率變化，兩者會互相抵銷。δ(.) is the power adjustment related to the closed-loop power control.δ(.)為閉環功率控製調整的功率。The network can adjust δ(.) by a certain step given by a power-control command provided by the network, thereby adjusting the transmit power based on network measurements of the received power.網絡可以基於測量到的接收功率，通過功率控制命令按照某個步長(step)來調整𝛿(.)，從而調整發射功率。The power control commands are carried in the Transmit Power Control (TPC) field within uplink scheduling grants.功率控制命令在上行調度授權的 TPC 字段中攜帶。The power control commands are carried within DCI formats 1-0 and 1-1.功率控制命令在DCI 格式 0-0 和 0-1發送。Each power control command consists of 2 bits corresponding to four different update steps (-1 dB, 0 dB, +1 dB, +3 dB).每個功率控制命令由 2 位元組成，對應四種不同的步長-1 dB, 0 dB, +1 dB, +3 dB。包含0 dB的原因，每個調度授權裡都包含功率控制命令，但並非每次都需要調整PUSCH發射功率。Device can be at most four parallel path-loss estimation processes, each corresponding to a specific value of q.UE最多可以有四個並行的路徑損耗估計過程，每個過程對應一個特定的q值。The network also configures a mapping from the possible SRI values provided in the scheduling grant to the up to four different values of q.網絡還會配置調度授權中的SRI 值到最多四個不同的 q 值的映射。The parameter q associates SRI=1 with RS-1 and thus indirectly with .參數 q 將𝑆𝑅𝐼=1 與 RS-1 相關聯，因此間接關聯𝑃𝐿(1)。The parameter q associates SRI=2 with RS-2 and thus indirectly with PL(2).參數 q 將𝑆𝑅𝐼=2 與 RS-2 相關聯，因此間接關聯𝑃𝐿(2)。The open-loop parameters and are associated with a parameter j.開環參數𝑃_0 和𝛼 與參數 j 相關聯。Reflects that there may be multiple open-loop-parameter pairs.反映了可能存在多個開環參數對。For the power setting of random-message 3在 NR 標準中，對於隨機消息 3 的功率設置Corresponds to j = 0, α always equals 1.對應於 j = 0，α 始終等於 1。Fractional power control is not used for message-3 transmission.部分功率控制不用於消息 3 傳輸。The parameter can, for message 3, be calculated based on information in the random-access configuration.對於消息 3，參數 𝑃_0 可以基於隨機接入的配置來計算。Parameter pair {𝑃_0 (1), 𝛼(1)} should be used in the case of grant-free PUSCH transmission.參數對 {𝑃_0 (1),𝛼(1)} 用於無授權 PUSCH 傳輸。Remaining parameter pairs are associated with scheduled PUSCH transmission .其餘參數對與調度的 PUSCH 傳輸相關聯。Each possible value of the SRI that can be provided as part of the uplink scheduling grant is associated with one of the configured open-loop-parameter pairs.上行鏈路調度授權裡每個SRI 的可能值與一個配置的開環參數對相關聯。When a PUSCH transmission is scheduled with a certain SRI included in the scheduling grant, the open-loop parameters associated with that SRI are used when determining the transmit power for the scheduled PUSCH transmission.當PUSCH 傳輸的調度授權中包含的一個特定的 SRI時，在確定該調度的 PUSCH 的發射功率時，採用該SRI相關聯的開環參數。PUSCH power control allows for the configuration of two independent closed-loop processes, associated with l = 1 and l = 2, respectively.PUSCH 功率控制可以配置兩個獨立的閉環過程，分別與 l = 1 和 l = 2 相關聯。Selection of l, that is, the selection of closed-loop process.l的選擇，即閉環過程的選擇。For PUCCH power control, there is no fractional path-loss compensation.對於PUCCH功率控制，沒有部份路徑損耗補償。The parameter α always equals one.參數α總是等於1Closed-loop power control commands are carried within DCI formats 1-0 and 1-1.閉環功率控制命令在 DCI 格式 1-0 和 1-1 上發送。在下行鏈路調度分配內攜帶，而不是在上行鏈路調度授權內，這是 PUSCH 功率控制的情況。For each such carrier there is a maximum allowed transmit power 𝑃_𝐶𝑀𝐴𝑋 and the min{P_CMAX,⋯} part of the power control expression ensures that the per-carrier transmit power of a carrier does not exceed power 𝑃_𝐶𝑀𝐴𝑋.對於每個載波，都有最大允許的發射功率𝑃_𝐶𝑀𝐴𝑋.，功率控制公式的 min{P_CMAX,⋯} 則確保每個載波的發射功率都會不超過功率𝑃_𝐶𝑀𝐴𝑋。• Limit 𝑃_𝑇𝑀𝐴𝑋 on the total transmitted power over all carriers.對所有載波的總發射功率也有一個限制𝑃_𝑇𝑀𝐴𝑋。The sum of 𝑃_𝐶𝑀𝐴𝑋 over all configured uplink carriers may very well, and often will, exceed 𝑃_𝑇𝑀𝐴𝑋.所有配置的上行鏈路載波上的𝑃_𝐶𝑀𝐴𝑋之和很可能或者會經常會超過𝑃_𝑇𝑀𝐴𝑋。The reason is that a device will often not transmit simultaneously on all its configured uplink carriers and the device should then preferably still be able to transmit with the maximum allowed power 𝑃_𝑇𝑀𝐴𝑋.原因是UE不會經常在所有配置的上行鏈路載波上同時傳輸，而UE又傾向於可以用最大允許的功率𝑃_𝑇𝑀𝐴𝑋傳輸。In that case, the power of each carrier needs to be scaled down to ensure that the eventual transmit power of the device does not exceed the maximum allowed value.在這種情況下，每個載波的功率需要按比例縮小，以確保UE最終的發射功率不會超過最大允許的值。To ensure receiver-side time alignment, NR includes a mechanism for transmit-timing advance.為了確保接收端時間對齊，NR 引入了發送定時提前的機制。Use of different timing advance step sizes for different numerologies.主要區別在於對不同的參數集使用不同的時間提前步長。該機制與 LTE的定時提前機制類似The timing-advance value for each device is determined by the network based on measurements on the respective uplink transmissions.網路基於對每個UE上行傳輸的測量來確定各個UE的定時提前量。By controlling the offset appropriately for each device, the network can control the timing of the signals received at the base station from the devices.網絡通過控制每個UE適當的偏移量，能夠控制基站接收各個UE的信號定時。Devices far from the base station encounter a larger propagation delay and therefore need to start their uplink transmissions somewhat in advance, compared to devices closer to the base station.相比於靠近基站的UE，遠離基站的UE經歷更大的傳播延遲，因此需要提前發送上行傳輸。